When the preliminary draft of the Ninth Decennial Revision of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia appeared two years ago, indicating important and radical changes in the proposed text, the author at once began conforming this work to that standard - rewriting many subjects and bringing all within current scientific thought. That labor, conceded from the first somewhat prodigious, has drawn its "slow length along," sustained by inherent duty and sentiment, until its completion - a form considered greatly in advance of its predecessors. Advantage has also been taken of the Fourth Edition of the National Formulary to the extent of embracing most of its drugs and preparations in abstract, with doses whenever necessary - a logical inclusion believed imperative in order to afford the student a positive familiarity with both of our legal authorities.
Comprising All Organic And Inorganic Drugs Which Are Or Have Been Official In The United States Pharmacopoeia, Together With Important Allied Species And Useful Synthetics, Especially Designed For Students Of Pharmacy And Medicine, As Well As For Druggists, Pharmacists, And Physicians.
By David M. E. Culbreth, Ph.G., M.D., Professor Of Botany, Materia Medica, And Pharmacognosy In The Maryland College Of Pharmacy, Department Of The University Of Maryland, Baltimore, Md.
Sixth Edition, Thoroughly Revised. With Four Hundred And Ninety-Two Illustrations.
The use in this volume of certain portions of the text of the United States Pharmacopoeia is by virtue of permission received from the Board of Trustees of the United States Pharmacopoeial Convention. The said Board of Trustees is not responsible for any inaccuracy nor for any errors in the statement of quantities or percentage strengths.
Permission to use for comment parts of the text of the National Formulary, Fourth Edition, in this volume has been granted by the Committee on Publication by authority of the Council of the American Pharmaceutical Association.
Preface To The Sixth Edition- When the preliminary draft of the Ninth Decennial Revision of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia appeared two years ago, indicating important and radical changes in the proposed text, the author at once began co...
- Abbreviations Used Throughout This Work
- The degree sign () associated with numerals indicates feet, except when accompanied with the capital letters C. and F., then it represents degrees (temperature); the prime sign (') attached to fi...
- The Greek Alphabet
- A a a..................... Alpha. B b.......................... Beta. ...
- Materia Medica And Pharmacology
- Disease seems to have been man's natural inheritance, while curative methods and remedies are largely his adaptation and creation. From early biblical times the ills that flesh is heir to were recog...
- Forms In Which Medicines May Be Used
- In early times the crude drugs usually were administered, but some being insoluble, nauseous, irritating, bulky, and ill-suited for either internal or external application, led to the adoption of othe...
- I. Official Forms of Medicines (Liquids, Semi-Solids, And Solids)
- 1. Acetum, Aceta (Vinegars) Acetum, Aceta (Vinegars). 10 p. c. Macerate with diluted acetic acid, filter: Scillae. 2. Aqua, Aquae Aromaticae (Aromatic Waters) Aqua, Aquae Aromaticae (Aromatic...
- II. Non-Official Forms of Medicines
- 1. Abstracts, Abstracta Abstracts, Abstracta. Powders having twice the strength of the vegetable substance, made by exhausting crude drugs, as a rule, with alcohol, recovering same, and incorporati...
- II. Non-Official Forms of Medicines. Continued
- 10. Collyrium, Collyria, Eye-Washes Collyrium, Collyria, Eye-Washes. Liquid applications for the eyes, composed usually of some astringent salt dissolved in rose water. 11. Confectio, Confection...
- The Avenues By And Through Which Medicines Enter The System
- 1. By Stomach: Gastro-intestinal Route. - This is the most common and convenient method. After medicines are swallowed they enter circulation through the walls of the bloodvessels (which permeate the ...
- The Avenues By And Through Which Medicines Enter The System. Continued
- 2. Epidermic (Epidermatic) Epidermic (Epidermatic). Here medicines are incorporated in wool fat, or other fats, and rubbed with friction directly upon the skin, thus promoting their passage through...
- The Means By Which Medicines Are Transmitted Through The System
- It was believed for a long time that drugs radiated from the seat of application throughout the system, by the nerves; this is known now to be false, and, instead, we recognize the blood to be the com...
- Conditions Which May Modify The Action - Hence The Dose Of Drugs
- Medicines are not given immediately before or after meals, unless certain conditions urgently demand it; they enter circulation much quicker on an empty stomach and then also produce best local result...
- Conditions Which May Modify The Action - Hence The Dose Of Drugs. Part 2
- 3. Form Of The Drug Form Of The Drug. This controls largely the rate of absorption, hence, the dosage. Before any substance enters circulation it must be in solution, and the nearer medicines appro...
- Conditions Which May Modify The Action - Hence The Dose Of Drugs. Part 3
- 7. Untoward Effects Untoward Effects. Many drugs produce other than their accustomed action upon certain individuals, made abnormal through habit or inheritance; such action results not from any dr...
- Conditions Which May Modify The Action - Hence The Dose Of Drugs. Part 4
- 2. Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutical. This results when substances are mixed and do not produce clear solutions, owing to their different solubility in men-struums - insoluble powders or oil will not m...
- The Classifications Of Medicines
- There have been many systems brought forward to facilitate the studying of drugs, and it is owing, possibly, to the number that authors observe little uniformity in the arrangement followed. It has be...
- III. Arrangement By Morphology And Anatomy
- III Arrangement By Morphology And Anatomy. This system is preeminently adapted for those wishing to become perfectly familiar with the general make-up of the various official plant-parts; the inner st...
- III. Arrangement By Morphology And Anatomy. Continued
- IV. Arrangement By Therapeutic Effect IV Arrangement By Therapeutic Effect. This is possibly the least difficult and most useful to the average physician. In a way it is scientific, but since many ...
- I. Agents Promoting Constructive Metabolism
- (Metamorphosis) . 1. Restoratives (L. restaurare, to restore). - These restore or renew strength or vitality: (a) Foods, Aliments - which maintain some vital process, or renew some structural mater...
- II. Agents Promoting Destructive Metabolism (Metamorphosis) - Increase Waste
- 5. Semi-Alternativs, Alkalies Semi-Alternativs, Alkalies. These, before meals, stimulate acid and check alkaline secretions when placed in contact with the mouths of the gland-ducts producing them;...
- III. Agents Promoting The Destruction Of Microbes, Parasites, Etc
- 8. Antizymotics (Gr. against, + fermentation). These arrest fermentation dependent upon organic ferments (enzymes): diastase, pepsin, ptyalin; or upon organized ferments: yeast, bacteria...
- IV. Agents Acting On The Nervous System (Neurotics, Nervines)
- 10. Cerebral Excitants, Stimulants, Antispasmodics (L. stimulare, stimulus, to urge, stimulate, a goad, excitant; Gr. against, + a spasm). - These increase the functional activity of the...
- V. Agents Acting On The Respiratory System (Respiration)
- 16. Respiratory Stimulants Respiratory Stimulants. These exalt the functions of the respiratory centre in the medulla, affording deeper and quicker breathing: strychnine, atropine, digitalis, apomo...
- VI. Agents Acting On The Circulatory System
- (Circulation) . 22. Cardiac Stimulants (Tonics; L. cardiacus; Gr. heart). These stimulate the cardiac muscle, slowing and strengthening its contractions; excessive quantities may cause sudde...
- VII. Agents Acting On The Digestive System (Digestion)
- 24. Sialaqoques (Gr. saliva, + to lead, leading forth).- These promote the secretion and flow of saliva and buccal mucus: (a) Topical - which act through reflex irritation, caused by tak...
- VIII. Agents Acting On The Excretory System (Excretion)
- 27. Carminatives, Aromatics (L. carminare, carminotivus, to expel wind). - These expel gases from the stomach and intestines by increasing peristalsis, stimulating the circulation, and relaxing the ca...
- IX. Agents Acting On The Reproductive System
- (Generation). 36. Emmenagoques (Gr. monthly, + to lead, leading forth). - These restore the menstrual function, either by stimulating directly the uterine muscular fibre, or indirectl...
- X. Agents Acting On The Cutaneous System (Skin)
- 41. Irritants, Counter-Irritants Irritants, Counter-Irritants. These when applied to the skin cause vascular excitement; are called counter-irritants when used to produce reflex influence on remote...
- V. Arrangement By Natural Affinities (Botanical)
- V Arrangement By Natural Affinities (Botanical). This system is the one adopted throughout this work. It is of all others the most scientific by which plants may be studied, and, as the official porti...
- V. Arrangement By Natural Affinities (Botanical). Part 2
- Sub-kingdom I. Thallophyt(ES)-A. Class 1. Algae. 1. Gigartinaceae Gigartinaceae. Distinguished by being parenchymatous plants, growring in fresh or salt water, or moist places, red, purple, o...
- V. Arrangement By Natural Affinities (Botanical). Part 3
- 11. Smilaceae Smilaceae. Distinguished by being mostly vines, woody, herbaceous, often prickly stems, leaves net-veined, flowers green, dioecious, perianth 6, stamens 6, fruit globose berry, 1-6-se...
- Sub-class 2. Dicotyledones. Series I. Choripetalae
- 14. Piperaceae Piperaceae. Distinguished by jointed stems, ovary sincarpic, 1-celled, stigma sessile, 2, 3, 4, fruit fleshy, 1-celled, 1-seeded; composed of 8 genera, 1060 species. Piper (Cubeba). ...
- Sub-class 2. Dicotyledones. Series I. Choripetalae. Part 2
- 26. Menispermaceae Menispermaceae. Distinguished by flowers being dioecious, petals shorter than sepals, solitary seed moon- or kidney-shaped, woody climbers; composed of 55 genera, 150 species. Ja...
- Sub-class 2. Dicotyledones. Series I. Choripetalae. Part 3
- 38. Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae. Distinguished by flowers bearing a fleshy disk, white, red, yellow, sepals 5, free, glandless; composed of 20 genera, 150 species. Guaiacum (Guajacum). 39. Rut...
- Series II. Gamopetalae
- 54. Ericaceae - Distinguished by hypogynous corolla and stamens, anthers 2-celled, dehiscing by pores or slits, ovary 2-5-celled, leaves exstipulate, fruit capsule or berry; composed of 55 genera, 105...
- Part I. Organic Drugs From The Vegetable Kingdom. Sub-Kingdom I. Thallophyt(Es)-A
- Cellular cryptogams, composed of one or many cells, with no differentiation of root, stem, or leaves, the thallus being without true woody fibres and vessels. ...
- Class 1. Algae. 1. Gigartinaceae. Red Seaweed Family
- Gig-ar-ti-na'se-e. L. Giqartin-a + aceae, fr. Gr. a grape-stone - i. e., from the resemblance of the capsules (cystocarps), which are oval, appearing as little elevated or stalked tubercles on ...
- Chondrus
- Chondrus crispus, (Linne) Stackhouse, Gigartina mamillosa, (Goodenough et Woodward) Agardh. The dried plants. Habitat. North Atlantic Ocean, New England, Irish Coast. Syn. Irish Moss, Carr...
- Chondrus. Continued
- 2. Fu'Cus Vesiculo'Sits, Bladdep-Wrack Fu'Cus Vesiculo'Sits, Bladdep-Wrack. Atlantic Ocean. Grows on muddy rocks and often floats to the shore; it is 1 M. (40') long, 15 Mm. (3/5') broad, flattened...
- Class 2. Fungi. 2. Hypocreaceae. Flesh-Consuming Family
- Hy-poc-re-a'se-e. L. fr. Gr. under, through, by, + flesh - i. e., some or the species live upon meat (caterpillars and other insects). Exist mostly upon dead organic matter, sometimes up...
- Ergota. Ergot
- Claviceps purpurea, (Fries) Tulasne. The carefully dried sclerotium, replacing the grain of rye, Secale cereale, with not more than 5 p. c. of seeds, fruits, foreign matter. Habitat: Eastern ...
- Ergota. Ergot. Continued
- Constituents. - Alkaloids .38-.6 p. c.: Ergotoxine, Parahydroxy-phenylethylamine, Isoamylamine, Ergamine, Enzymes (2). Fixed oil 30 p. c, sclererythrin (coloring matter), scleromucin (mucilage); ergot...
- Ergota. Ergot. Part 2
- 1. Ustila'Go May'Dis, Corn Smut Ustila'Go May'Dis, Corn Smut. The fungous growth upon Zea Mays, official 1880-1890; United States, etc. The fungus is abundant upon stem, grains, and tassel; in irre...
- Ergota. Ergot. Part 3
- 4. Agar'Icus Musca'Rius (Amani'Ta Musca'Ria), Fly Fungus (Agaric) Agar'Icus Musca'Rius (Amani'Ta Musca'Ria), Fly Fungus (Agaric). N. Europe, Russia. This mushroom grows in the autumn mainly, under ...
- Sub-Kingdom II. Pteridophyt(Es)-A
- Vascular cryptogams (ferns), mostly terrestrial; stems, roots, leaves,' woody fibres, and vessels well developed, spores go into flat or irregular prothallia bearing antheridia and archegonia. ...
- Class 3. Filicinae. 3. Polypodiaceae. Fern Family
- Pol-i-po-di-a'se-e. L. Polypodi-um + aceae, fr. Gr. many, + foot - many feet, rays - i. e., from the branched rootstocks of some species. Includes nine-tenths of our ferns, being the typ...
- Aspidium. Aspidium
- Dryopteris Filix-mas, (Linne) Schott, marginalis, (Linne) Gray. The dried rhizome and stipes, without roots, dead portions. Habitat. 1. N. America, N. Asia, Europe, N. Africa. (Canada, westwa...
- Aspidium. Aspidium. Continued
- 1. Dryopteris Rig'Ida (Aspidium Rig'Idum) Dryopteris Rig'Ida (Aspidium Rig'Idum). S. Europe, California. Rhizome longer, thinner, with 6 vascular bundles. D. athaman'tica (A. athaman'ticum)-, S. Af...
- Class 4. Lycopodinae. 4. Lycopodiaceae. Club-Moss Family
- Li-ko-po-di-a'se-e. L. Lycovodi-um + aceae, fr. Gr. a wolf, a foot - 1. e., from appearance of the shoots to a wolf's foot. Herbs resembling mosses. Distinguished by creeping stems, conn...
- Lycopodium. Lycopodium
- Lycopodium clavatum, Linne. The spores, with not more than 2 p. c. of impurities. Habitat. Europe, Asia, N. America, in dry woods. Syn. Lycopod., Club Moss, Clubfoot Moss, Running Moss, Sn...
- Sub-Kingdom III. Spermatophyt(Es)-A (Phanerogamia)
- Seed-producing plants, each containing a complete embryo, and includes the greatest number (120,000), as well as the highest forms of plants. ...
- Class 5. Gymnospermae (Seeds Naked, Not Enclosed In An Ovary). 5. Pinaceae (Coniferae). Pine Family, Conifers
- Pi-na'se-e. L. Pin-us -f- aceae, fr. Celtic pin, pyn, a mountain, rock - i. e., habitat of some species. Trees, evergreen shrubs. Distinguished by abounding in oleoresinous juice, leaves needle-shaped...
- Terebinthina. Turpentine
- 1. Oleum Terebinthinae. Oil of Turpentine, official. 2. Resina. Rosin, official. Pinus palustris, Miller, and other species. The volatile oil (1), and residue left (2) from distilling with wa...
- Terebinthina. Turpentine. Continued
- In the distillation of concrete oleoresin, when the volatile oil ceases Fig. 16. - A boxed, cornered, and chipped pine tree. to come over, the resin (rosin) while hot is run off from the bot...
- Terebinthina. Turpentine. Part 2
- II. Terpin Hydrate II Terpin Hydrate. Antiseptic (arresting the development of tubercle bacilli), expectorant, diuretic, diaphoretic. III. Terebene III Terebene. Stimulant, disinfectant, expe...
- Terebinthina. Turpentine. Part 3
- 1. Pinus Tae'Da, Loblolly, Old Field Or Frankincense Pine Pinus Tae'Da, Loblolly, Old Field Or Frankincense Pine. Delaware, Florida, thence Texas, Arkansas. Grows along with P. palustris, and like ...
- Pinus Pumilio. Dwarf Pine
- Oleum Pini Pumilionis. Oil of Dwarf Pine Needles, official. Pinus montana, Miller. A volatile oil distilled from the fresh leaves. Habitat. C. Europe: Tyrolese Alps, Carpathian Mountains, 130...
- Pinus Pumilio. Dwarf Pine. Continued
- 4. Thu'Ja Occidenta'Lis, Arbor Vita (White Cedar) Thu'Ja Occidenta'Lis, Arbor Vita (White Cedar). The fresh tops, official 1880-1890; Canada, United States. Tree resembles closely Chamoeyp'aris sph...
- Juniperus. Juniper
- Oleum Juniperi. Oil of Juniper, official. Juniperus communis, Linne. A volatile oil distilled from the ripe fruit. Habitat. N. America (Canada, N. United States), Asia, Europe, N. Africa; ...
- Juniperus Oxycedrus. Prickly Cedar
- Oleum Cadinum. Oil of Cade, official. Juniperus Oxycedrus, Linne. An empyreumatic oil distilled (dry) from the wood. Habitat. S. Europe, Spain. Syn. Prickly (Spanish, Berry-bearing) Ced...
- Class 6. Angiospermae (Seeds Clothed, Enclosed In An Ovary). Sub-Class 1. Monocotyledones (Embryo With One Cotyledon, Stem Endogenous, Leaves Parallel-Veined). 6. Graminaceae. Grass Family
- Gram-i-na'se-e. L. fem. pl. of gramin-eus + aceae, of or pertaining to grass - gramen, grass. Herbs, shrubs, or arborescent plants, largest endogenous order except Orchidaceae. Distinguished by having...
- Amylum. Starch
- Zea Mays, Linne. The starch separated from the grain. Habitat. S. America; cultivated in warm temperate zones. Syn. Corn, Indian (Turkish) Corn, Maize, Mealies, Guinea (Turkey) Wheat; Amyl...
- Saccharum. Sugar
- Saccharum officinarum, Linne, Beta vulgaris, Linne, var. Rapa. Sucrose, C12H22O11, obtained from cultivated varieties, and other sources. Habitat. S. Asia, cultivated in tropics and subtropics, ...
- Saccharum. Sugar. Continued
- 2. Fructose, Fruit-Sugar (Levulose) C6h12o6 Fructose, Fruit-Sugar (Levulose) Cho. This often accompanies grape-sugar in fruits, honey, etc., sometimes in plants with cane-sugar. It is usually a col...
- Triticum. Triticum
- Agropyron repens, (Linne) Beauvois. The dried rhizome and roots, gathered in the spring. Habitat. Europe, N. America; along roadsides and in cultivated grounds. Syn. Tritic, Couch Grass, D...
- Maltum. Malt
- Hordeum sativum, Jessen. The grain of one or more varieties, partially germinated artificially, and then dried at 55 C. (131 F.). Habitat. W. Asia, China, Egypt; cultivated. Syn....
- 7. Palmaceae. Palm Family
- Pal-ma'se-e. L. Palm-a + aceae, fern. pl. palmaceous, of or pertaining to the palms, fr. palma, a palm. Perennial trees or shrubs, mostly unbranched, growing by terminal, or edible bud. Distinguished ...
- Sabal. Sabal
- Serenoa serrulata, (Michaux) Hooker filius. The partially dried, ripe fruit. Habitat. S. United States, N. Carolina to Florida; sandy soil near seacoast. Syn. Saw Palmetto Berries, Saw Pal...
- Sabal. Sabal. Part 2
- 1. Metrox'Ylon Rum'Phii (Sa'Gus Rum'Phii), Pearl Sago Metrox'Ylon Rum'Phii (Sa'Gus Rum'Phii), Pearl Sago. The prepared fecula, official 1820-1880; E. India Islands, Borneo, Moluccas, etc. Medium-si...
- Sabal. Sabal. Part 3
- 5. Co'Cos Nucif'Era, Oleum Cocois (Cocoanut Oil) Co'Cos Nucif'Era, Oleum Cocois (Cocoanut Oil). Tropics. A fixed oil expressed from palm seeds after being boiled with water; yield 50-60 p. c.; it i...
- 8. Melanthaceae. Bunch-Flower Family
- Me-lan-tha'se-e. L. Melanth-ium + aceae. fr. Gr. black, flower - i. e., alluding to the darker color which the persistent perianth assumes after blossoming. Leafy-stemmed herbs. Distingu...
- Veratrum Viride. Veratrum Viride
- Veratrum viride, Aiton. The dried rhizome and roots, with not more than 5 p. c. of stems, foreign matter. Habitat. N. America, Canada to Georgia, in rich, wet woods, swamps. Syn. Verat. Vi...
- Sabadilla. Cevadilla
- Veratrina. Veratrine, official. Asagraea officinalis, Chamisso et Schlechtendal. A mixture of alkaloids obtained from the seed. Habitat. Mexico to Guatemala and Venezuela. Syn. Veratrin...
- 9. Liliaceae. Lily Family
- Lil-i-a'se-e. L. Lili-um + aceae, a lily, fr. Celtic li, whiteness, alluding to beautiful white flowers of original species. Herbs, shrubs, trees. Distinguished by having bulbs, rhizomes, tubers, or f...
- Scilla. Squill
- The fleshy, inner scales of the bulb of the white variety, cut into pieces and carefully dried. Habitat. Mediterranean Basin, near the sea; Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Portugal, Morocco, Algeria;...
- Scilla. Squill. Continued
- 1. Al'Lium Sati'Vum, Garlic Al'Lium Sati'Vum, Garlic. The fresh bulb without drying, official 1820-1900; C. Asia, S. Europe. Bulbous plant, .6 M. (2) high; leaves long, flat, grass-like; flowe...
- Aloe. Aloes
- Fig. 42. - Allium sativum. Aloe Perryi, Baker, vera, (Lrinne) Webb, ferox, Miller. The inspissated juice of the leaves. Habitat. 1. E. Africa, Island of Socotra; cultivated. 2. W. Indi...
- Aloe. Aloes. Continued
- 1. Hepatic Aloes Hepatic Aloes. This name was applied formerly to a variety of Socotrine aloes from E. Indies, but now the term is given in this country to Barbadoes, in fact to any opaque liver-co...
- 10. Convallariaceae. Lily-Of-The-Valley Family
- Kon-va-la-ri-a'se-e. L. Convallari-a + aceae, fr. L. con, together, + vallis, valley - a valley enclosed on all sides - i. e., alluding to the preferred place of growth of some species. Leafy-stemmed,...
- Colchicum
- 1. Colchici Cormus. Colchicum Corm. 2. Colchici Semen. Colchicum Seed. Colchicum autumnale, Linne. 1. The dried corm, containing .35 p. c. of colchicine. 2. The dried seeds, containing ...
- Colchicum. Part 2
- Colchicoresin, C51H60N2O15. - Brown, amorphous, soluble in chloroform, alcohol; insoluble in ether, sparingly in cold water. Beta-colchicoresin, C34H39NO10 - Blackish-brown, soluble in chloroform, ...
- Colchicum. Part 3
- 1. Colchicum Variega'Tum, Oriental Hermodactyls Colchicum Variega'Tum, Oriental Hermodactyls. S. Europe, Asia Minor. Corm like official, but surface smooth, whitish to black, bitter, insipid. 2....
- 11. Smilaceae. Smilax Family
- Smi-la'se-e. L. Smil-ax + aceae, fr. Gr. a scraper - i. e., alluding to the rough, prickly stems. Mostly vines, woody or herbaceous, stems often prickly. Distinguished by 3-5-nerved (net-veined...
- Sarsaparilla. Sarsaparilla
- Smilax medica, Chamisso et Schlechtendal, officinalis, Kunth, ornata, Hooker fdius. The dried root. Habitat. Tropical America, Mexico to Brazil; Andes and Chinqui Mountains, 1,200-2,400 M. (4,00...
- Sarsaparilla. Sarsaparilla. Continued
- 3. I'Ris Versic'Olor, Blue Flag I'Ris Versic'Olor, Blue Flag. Iridaceae. The rhizome and roots official 1820-1900; N. America (swampy places). Perennial herb, .6-1 M. (2-3) high; stem angled o...
- 12. Zingiberaceae. Ginger Family
- Zin-ji-be-ra'se-e. L. Zingiber + aceae, fr. Gr. ginger. Herbs. Distinguished by being aromatic, with creeping rhizomes; leaves stalked, broad, sheathing, parallel veins from midrib. Perianth...
- Cardamomi Semen. Cardamom Seed
- Elettaria Cardamomum, White et Maton. The dried seeds, recently removed from the capsules. Habitat. Malabar, cultivated. India, Mountains, 750-1,500 M. (2,500-5,000) elevation; Ceylon, A...
- Cardamomi Semen. Cardamom Seed. Continued
- 1. Elettaria Ma'Jor, Ceylon Cardamom Elettaria Ma'Jor, Ceylon Cardamom. About 50 Mm. (1 3/5') long, triangular, prolonged into a beak 15 Mm. (') long, brownish-gray color. 2. Amo'mum Carda...
- Zingiber. Ginger
- Zingiber officinale, Roscoe. The dried rhizome, with outer cortical layers either partially or completely removed. Habitat. India, Hindustan (cultivated in W. Indies, Africa). Syn. Zingib....
- Zingiber. Ginger. Part 2
- 1. Zingiber Zerum'Bet Zingiber Zerum'Bet. Java (rhizome fleshy, spongy, ginger odor and taste), and Z. Cassumu'nar. - India (root 5 Cm.; 2' long, fleshy radicles, white tubers, scaly, brown; odor a...
- Zingiber. Ginger. Part 3
- 5. Al'Etris Farino'Sa, Colic Root (Starwort) Al'Etris Farino'Sa, Colic Root (Starwort). Rhizome, official 1820-1870; United States. Perennial, .6-1 M. (2-3) high; leaves radical, star-shape, 7...
- 13. Orchidaceae. Orchid Family
- Or-ki-da'se-e. L. Orchi(s)d + aceae, fr. Gr. a testicle - i. e., ancient name from shape of roots. Herbs, shrubs, terrestrial or epiphytical. Distinguished by flowers being perfect, irregular, ...
- Vanilla. Vanilla
- Vanillinum. Vanillin, C8H8O3, official. Vanilla planifolia, Andrews. Methylprotocatechuic aldehyde occurring naturally in vanilla (cured fruit), or prepared synthetically. Habitat. E. Mexi...
- Sub-Class 2: Dicotyledones
- (Embryo with 2 cotyledons, stem exogenous (with pith, wood, bark), leaves net-veined). Series 1: CHORIPETALAE. Petals separate and distinct, or wanting. 14. Piperaceae. Pepper Family Pip-e-ra'se...
- Cubeba. Cubeb
- Piper Cubeba, Linne filius. (Cubeba Cubeba, (Linne filius) Lyons.) The dried, full-grown, unripe fruits, with not more than 5 p. c. of stems, foreign matter. Habitat. Java, Sumatra, Borneo; c...
- Cubeba. Cubeb. Continued
- 3. False Cubebs False Cubebs. Origin unknown, fruit wrinkled, brownish-gray, size of the official, stalk 5 Mm. (1/5') long, odor mace-like. ...
- Piper. Pepper
- P'iper nigrum, Linne. The dried, unripe fruit, with not more than 2 p. c. of stems, foreign matter. Habitat. S. India, Malabar Coast, Philippine Islands, Sumatra, Java, Singapore, Ceylon, Pen...
- Piper. Pepper. Continued
- 5. Methys'Ticum Methysticum (Piper Methysticum), Ava (Kava-Kava) Methys'Ticum Methysticum (Piper Methysticum), Ava (Kava-Kava). Sandwich Islands. Dried rhizome and roots; stimulant, diuretic, diaph...
- 15. Salicaceae. Willow Family
- Sal-i-ka'se-e. L. Sali(x)c + aceae, willow, from Celtic sal, near, + lis, water - i. e., its favored place of growth; or L. salire, to leap - its rapid growing. Trees, shrubs. Distinguished by light w...
- Salix. Salix (Willow)
- Salicinum. Salicin, C13H18O7, official. Fig. 81. - Juglans: flowering branch; cross-section of fruit. Salix and Populus, several species. A glucoside. Habitat. Europe, N. America; cult...
- Salix. Salix (Willow). Continued
- 3. Bet'Ula Len'Ta, Sweet-, Spice-Birch Bet'Ula Len'Ta, Sweet-, Spice-Birch. Betulaceae. The volatile oil distilled from the bark, official 1890-1910; N. America (Newfoundland to Georgia, west), for...
- 16. Fagaceae (Cupuliferae). Beech Family
- Fa-ga'se-e. L. Fag-us + aceae, fr. Gr. to eat, the beech - 1. e., in allusion to the esculent nuts once used as food. Trees, shrubs. Distinguished by alternate irregular leaves; fruit in...
- Galla. Nutgall
- Quercus infectoria, Olivier, and allied species. Excrescences on the young twigs, induced by punctures (stings) on the leaf-buds and by the deposited ova of Cynips tinctoria, Hartig. Habitat. Me...
- Galla. Nutgall. Part 2
- II. Tannic Acid II Tannic Acid. 1. Glyceritum Acidi Tannici. Glycerite of Tannic Acid. (Syn., Glycer. Acid. Tann., Glycerite of Tannin; Fr. Glycere de Tannin, Glycerine tannique; Ger. Tanninglyceri...
- Galla. Nutgall. Part 3
- 1. Chinese Nutgalls (Rhus Semiala'Ta) By Sting Of A'Phis' S(Ch)Inen'Sis Chinese Nutgalls (Rhus Semiala'Ta) By Sting Of A'Phis' S(Ch)Inen'Sis. Galls 4-5 Cm. (1 3/5 - 2') long, ovate, irregular, tube...
- Galla. Nutgall. Part 4
- 8. Casta'Nea Denta'Ta, Chestnut Casta'Nea Denta'Ta, Chestnut. The dried leaves, collected Sept.-Oct., while still green, official 1870-1900; N. America, W. Asia, S. Europe. Stately tree, 24-30 M. (...
- 17. Ulmaceae. Elm Family
- Ul-ma'se-e. Ulm-us + aceae, fr. Saxon elm or ulm - i. e., its original name in all Celtic dialects. Trees, shrubs. Distinguished by leaves alternate, serrate, stipulate; sap not milky; flowers small, ...
- Ulmus. Elm
- Ulmus fulva, Michaux. The bark deprived of the outer corky layer and dried Habitat. N. America, New England, S. Carolina, west to Louisiana, Nebraska. Syn. Elm Bark, Slippery Elm, Moose-, ...
- 18. Moraceae. Mulberry Family
- Mo-ra'se-e. L. Mor-us + aceae, fr. Celtic mor, black - i. e., alluding to the fruit's color. Trees, shrubs, herbs. Distinguished by leaves alternate or opposite, stipulate; sap milky; flowers monoecio...
- Humulus. Hops
- Humulus Lupulus, Linne. The carefully dried strobiles, bearing their glandular trichomes, with not more than 2 p. c. of stems, leaves, foreign matter. Habitat. N. Temperate zone, in hedges, t...
- Humulus. Hops. Continued
- 1. Fi'Cus Car'Ica, Fig Fi'Cus Car'Ica, Fig. The partially dried fruit, official 1820-1910; W. Asia, cult. in S. Europe, California. Tree, 4.5-7.5 M. (15-25) high, 10-20 Cm. (4-8') thick, many ...
- Cannabis. Cannabis
- Cannabis sativa, Linne, or var. indica, Lamarck. The dried pistillate flowering tops, freed from thicker stems and large foliage leaves, with not more than 10 p. c. of fruits, foreign matter. ...
- Cannabis. Cannabis. Continued
- 1. Bhang (Sidhee, Subjee, Siddhi) Bhang (Sidhee, Subjee, Siddhi). Consists of the dried coarsely broken leaves and fruit (dark green), resembles ganja in odor and taste; used by natives in their sw...
- 19. Santalaceae. Sandalwood Family
- San-ta-la'se-e. L. Santal-um aceae. Pers. name sandul, useful, or fr. L. sandal, Gr. the classic name tor Skt. chandana - chand, snine; L. canaere, to shine - i. e., polished woody surface shin...
- Santalum Album. White Sandal
- Oleum Santali. Oil of Santal, official. Santalum album, Linne. A volatile oil distilled from the wood, containing 90 p. c. of alcohols, calculated as santalol. Habitat. S. India, E. Indian...
- 20. Aristolochiaceae:. Birthwort Family
- Ar-is-to-lo-ki-a'se-e. L. Aristolochi-a + aceae, fr. Gr. best, childbirth - i. e., once thought to ease labor. Low herbs, climbing shrubs. Distinguished by abounding in bitter principles...
- Serpentaria. Serpentaria
- Aristolochia Serpent aria, Linne, reticulata, Nuttall. The dried rhizome and roots, with not more than 10 p. c. of stems, foreign matter. Habitat. United States, in hilly woods: 1. W. Pennsyl...
- Serpentaria. Serpentaria. Continued
- 1. As'Arum Canaden'Se, Wild Ginger As'Arum Canaden'Se, Wild Ginger. The rhizome (root), official 1820-1880; North America. Small plant with dividing stem; leaves 2, reniform; flowers brownish-purpl...
- 21. Polygonaceae. Buckwheat Family
- Pol-i-go-na'se-e. L. Poliqon-um + aceae, fr. Gr. many, + knee, joint - i. e., from stem s numerous joints. Herbs, shrubs. Distinguished by acrid, astringent, purgative properties, stems ...
- Rheum. Rhubarb
- Rheum officinale, Baillon, palmatum, Linne, and var. tanguticum, Maximowicz, and probably other species. The rhizomes and roots grown in China, Thibet, deprived of most of the bark tissues and care...
- Rheum. Rhubarb. Continued
- Fig. 99. - Chinese rhubarb: transverse section. (best, most expensive - orange color, agreeable odor), Canton (smoky odor, bitter, ochre-yellow), Shanghai (smoky odor, light yellow; exporte...
- Rheum. Rhubarb. Part 2
- 1. Rheum Rhapon'Ticum Rheum Rhapon'Ticum. Asia Minor, Siberia, Russia. This is cultivated as pie-plant, the leaf-petioles being used, as they possess pleasant acidulous properties; this species is ...
- Rheum. Rhubarb. Part 3
- 6. Polyg'Onum Bistor'Ta, Bistort Polyg'Onum Bistor'Ta, Bistort. Europe, Asia, N. America, in meadows. Produces an S-shaped rhizome, bent upon itself - bistorted, 5 Cm. (2') long, 15 Mm. (3/5') thic...
- 22. Chenopodiaceae. Goosefoot Family
- Ke-no-po-di-a'se-e. L. Chenopodi-um + aceae, fr. Gr. goose, + foot - i. e., referring to the shape of leaves. Herbs, shrubs. Distinguished by being homely, succulent; leaves exstipulate,...
- Chenopodium. Chenopodium
- Oleum Chenopodii. Oil of Chenopodium, official. Chenopodium ambrosioides, var. anthclminticum, Linne. A volatile oil distilled from the fruit (or fresh herb). Habitat. W. Indies, C. and S. Am...
- Chenopodium. Chenopodium. Part 2
- 1. Chenopodium Ambrosioi'Des, Herba Botryos Mexicanae, Mexican Tea Chenopodium Ambrosioi'Des, Herba Botryos Mexicanae, Mexican Tea. The fruit, official 1890-1900; Europe, Asia. This resembles very ...
- Chenopodium. Chenopodium. Part 3
- 5. Dri'Mys Win'Teri (Win'Tera Aroma'Tica) Dri'Mys Win'Teri (Win'Tera Aroma'Tica). The bark, official 1820-1860; S. America; small tree; leaves coriaceous; flowers white; fruit black berries, 4-8; b...
- 23. Myristicaceae. Nutmeg Family
- Mi-ris-ti-ka'se-e. L. Myristic-a + aceae, fr. Gr. to anoint i. e., an ointment used for its sweet odor. Trees. Distinguished by aromatic properties; leaves dotted, entire, stalked, leathery; fl...
- Myristica. Myristica
- Myristica fragrans, Houttuyn. The ripe seeds deprived of arillus and seed-coats - the kernel. Habitat. Molucca Islands; cultivated in tropics, India, Philippine Islands, Amboyna, Boura, New G...
- Myristica. Myristica. Continued
- 1. Maris, Mace Maris, Mace. The arillode of the seed of Myristica fragrans, official 1850-1900. When fruit first gathered the fleshy pericarp is removed, the thin coating (arillode) enveloping the ...
- 24. Ranunculaceae. Crowfoot Family
- Ra-nung-ku-la'se-e. L. Ranuncul-us + aceae, dim. of rana, a frog; hence little frog, as many species grow in moist places near that reptile. Herbs, shrubs with colorless, acrid, poisonous juice. Disti...
- Hydrastis
- Hydrastis canadensis, Linne. The dried rhizome and roots, with not more than 2 p. c. of stems, leaves, foreign matter, containing 2.5 p. c. of ether-soluble alkaloids. Habitat. N. America, Canad...
- Hydrastis. Part 2
- Berberine, C20H17NO4. - This colored alkaloid is obtained by the preceding process for separating hydrastine; occurs in bitter yellow needles, crystalline powder, soluble in hot water or alcohol; the ...
- Hydrastis. Part 3
- 1. Helleb'Orus Ni'Ger, Black Hellebore Helleb'Orus Ni'Ger, Black Hellebore. The dried rhizome and roots, official 1820-1880; C. and S. Europe, mountains. Acaulescent perennial, leaves evergreen, 7-...
- Cimicifuga. Cimicifuga
- Cimicifuga racemosa, (Linne) Nuttall. The dried rhizome and roots, with not more than 2 p. c. of stems, foreign matter. Habitat. United States, Canada; in shady, rocky places. Syn. Cimicif...
- Staphisagria. Staphisagria
- Delphinium Staphisagria, Linne. The ripe seeds, with not more than 2 p. c. of foreign vegetable matter. Habitat. Mediterranean Basin; cultivated, France, Italy. Syn. Staphisag., Stavesacre...
- Staphisagria. Staphisagria. Continued
- 1. Delphinium Consol'Ida, Field Larkspur Delphinium Consol'Ida, Field Larkspur. The seed, official 1820-1880; C. Europe, cultivated and naturalized in the United States. Plant .6-1 M. (2-3) hi...
- Aconitum. Aconite
- Fig. 121. - Delphinium Consolida. Aconitum Napellus, Linne. The dried tuberous root, with not more than 5 p. c. of stems, foreign matter, containing .5 p. c. of ether-soluble alkaloids. ...
- Aconitum. Aconite. Continued
- Aconine, C26H41O11. - This appears antagonistic to aconitine in cardiac effect; picraconitine is considered inert; aconitic acid is abundant, but is chiefly in combination with calcium, and is almost ...
- Aconitum. Aconite. Part 2
- 1. Aconitum Neomonta'Num Aconitum Neomonta'Num. Leaves, official 1820-1840, and A. panicu'la'tum, leaves, official 1840-1850, possess very little acridity, but even now their roots are collected an...
- Aconitum. Aconite. Part 3
- 6. Hepat'Ica Hepatica (Tri'Loba), Noble Liverwort Hepat'Ica Hepatica (Tri'Loba), Noble Liverwort. The leaves, official 1830-1880, N. America, Europe. One of our earliest harbingers of spring; acaul...
- 25. Berberidaceae. Barberry Family
- Ber-be-ri-da'se-e. L. Berber(is)id + aceae, fr. Berberys - i. e., Arabic name of the fruit. Shrubs, herbs with watery juice. Distinguished by few stamens (same number as petals and opposite them) in 2...
- Podophyllum. Podophyllum
- Podophyllum peltatum, Linne. The dried rhizome and roots, containing 3 p. c. of resin. Habitat: N. America (Canada, United States), in rich woods, thickets. Syn. Podoph., Mandrake, May App...
- Podophyllum. Podophyllum. Continued
- 1. Podophyllum Emo'Di Podophyllum Emo'Di. India, Hazara, Kashmir; Himalaya Mountains; rhizome, collected after flowering, cylindrical, stem-scars crowded on upper surface, many roots beneath; yield...
- 26. Menispermaceae. Moonseed Family
- Men-i-sper-ma'se-e. L. Menisperm-um + aceae, fr. Gr. the moon, + a seed - i. e., fruit (seed) kidney- or crescent-shaped. Shrubs, woody climbers, herbaceous vines; leaves exstipulate, al...
- Calumba. Calumba
- Jateorhiza palmata, (Lamarck) Miers. (Jateorkiza calumba, (Roxburgh) Miers.) The dried root. Habitat. E. Africa, Madagascar (Mozambique and Quilimane forests, along the lower Zambesi River); cul...
- Calumba. Calumba. Part 2
- 1. Jateorhiza Calumba Jateorhiza Calumba. About the same as the official, possibly having a variety difference in that the basal lobes of leaves are rounded but do not overlap, and male inflorescen...
- Calumba. Calumba. Part 3
- 3. Chondroden'Dron Tomento'Sum, Parei'Ra, Parei'Ra Bra'Va Chondroden'Dron Tomento'Sum, Parei'Ra, Parei'Ra Bra'Va. The dried root, official 1840-1910; Brazil, near Rio Janeiro, Peru. Tall woody clim...
- 27. Lauraceae. Laurel Family
- La-ra'se-e. L. Laur-us + aceae, bay tree, fr. Celtic blaur (laur, the b dropped), signifying green - i. e., referring to plant's foliage. Trees, shrubs. Distinguished by being aromatic (volatile oils)...
- Sassafras. Sassafras
- Sassafras variifolium, (Salisbury) 0. Kuntze. The bark of the root, with not more than 2 p. c. of adhering wood, collected in early spring or autumn, deprived of outer corky layer and dried. ...
- Sassafras. Sassafras. Continued
- 3. Sassafras Lignum, Sassafras Wood Sassafras Lignum, Sassafras Wood. Contains little volatile oil; used like the bark, but very weak medicinally. Allied Plants: 1. Umbellula'Ria Califor'Nica...
- Cinnamomum. Cinnamon
- 1. Cinnamomum Saigonicum. Saigon Cinnamon. 2. Cinnamomum Zeylanicum. Ceylon Cinnamon. Cinnamomum 1. species undetermined, 2. zeylanicum, Breyne. 1. The dried bark. 2. The dried bark of ...
- Cinnamomum. Cinnamon. Part 2
- Commercial. - Cinnamon was a very early favorite spice, being brought by Arabian navigators to the Phoenicians, Grecians, and Romans, the Chinese cassia being used first, the Ceylon not until 1275. Wh...
- Cinnamomum. Cinnamon. Part 3
- 1. Cinnaldehydum, Cinnamic Aldehyde, C3h8o Official 1900-1910 Cinnaldehydum, Cinnamic Aldehyde, Cho Official -. Obtained as a natural product by shaking oil of cassia with aqueous solution of acid ...
- Camphora. Camphor
- Cinnamomum Camphora, (Linne) Nees et Ebermaier. The dextrorotatory ketone (concrete volatile oil). Habitat. China, Japan, Formosa. Tree cultivated in Italy as an ornament, and may yield profi...
- Camphora. Camphor. Part 2
- 2. Acidum Camphoricum, Camphoric Acid, C10h16o4, Official 1900-1910 Acidum Camphoricum, Camphoric Acid, Cho, Official -. This dibasic organic acid is obtained by oxidizing camphor 150 Gm. with hot ...
- Camphora. Camphor. Part 3
- 2. Coto Bark Coto Bark. Bolivia. May be from Dri'mys Win'teri var. granatin'sis. In flat or curved pieces 12 Mm. (1/2') thick, cinnamon color and odor, taste pungent, bitter; contains cotoin, C4H12...
- 28. Papaveraceae. Poppy Family
- Pa-pav-e-ra'se-e. L. Papaver + aceae, poppy, OE, papy, Gr. classic name, fr. papa, pap or thick milk - i. e., formerly Used tor children - to nourish and cause sleep. Herbs, shrubs, with milky ...
- Opium. Opium
- Papaver somniferum, Linne, and var. album, DeCandolle. The air-dried, milky exudation obtained by incising the unripe capsules, containing, when moist, 9.5 p. c. of anhydrous morphine. Habitat. ...
- Opium. Opium. Part 2
- The once popular French (Aubergier's, Affium - 14-23 p. c. of morphine) and Bulgarian (8-20 p. c. of morphine) are practically out of commerce. Opium has been introduced into Algeria and Mozambique (A...
- Opium. Opium. Part 3
- Apomorphinae Hydrochloridum, Apomorphine Hydrochloride, C17H17NO2HCl + 1/2H2O, official. - (Syn., Apomorph. Hydrochl., Apomorphine Chloride, Apomorphinae Hydrochloras; Fr. Chlorhydrate d'Apomorphine; ...
- Opium. Opium. Part 4
- Codeinse Sulphas, Codeine Sulphate, (C18H21NO3)2H2SO4+ 5H2O, official. - (Syn., Codein. Sulph.; Fr. Sulfate de Codeine; Ger. Codeinum sulfuricum, Kodeinsulfat.) Obtained by dissolving codeine 100 Gm. ...
- Opium. Opium. Part 5
- 3. Opii Pulvis. Powdered Opium. (Syn., Opii Pulv.; Fr. Poudre d'Opium; Ger. Opium pulveratum, Opiumpulver.) Manufacture: Dry opium, convenient quantity, at 70 C. (158 F.), reduce it to a ...
- Opium. Opium. Part 6
- Opium in full doses, gr. 1-3 (.06-.2 Gm.), produces dry mouth, thirst, stimulates brain by increasing blood supply, arrests digestion by reducing bile, gastric and pancreatic juice secretion; causes n...
- Opium. Opium. Continued
- 1. Papaverls Capsulae, Poppy Capsules, Papaver, Poppy Papaverls Capsulae, Poppy Capsules, Papaver, Poppy. The nearly ripe capsules, official 1840-1880. These are collected in August-September, when...
- Sanguinaria. Sanguinaria
- Sanguinaria canadensis, Linne. The dried rhizome and roots. Habitat. N. America - Canada, United States, in shaded situations, on rich soil. Syn. Sanguin., Blood Root, Red (Root, Puccoon) ...
- Sanguinaria. Sanguinaria. Continued
- 1. Chelido'Nium Ma'Jus, Chelidonium, Celandine Chelido'Nium Ma'Jus, Chelidonium, Celandine. The entire plant, collected when beginning to flower, official 1880-1900; Europe, N. America. Perennial l...
- 29. Cruciferae. Mustard Family
- Kru-sif'e-re. L. Crucifer, fern. pi. fr. cru(x)c, a cross, + ferre, to bear - i. e., flowers (petals) arranged in shape of maltese cross. Herbs, shrubs. Distinguished by pungency or acrid juice, cruci...
- Sinapis. Mustard
- 1. Sinapis Alba. White Mustard. 2. Sinapis Nigra. Black Mustard. 1. Sinapis alba, Linne. 2. Brassica nigra, (Linne) Koch. The ripe seeds, with not more than 5 p. c. of other seeds, foreign...
- Sinapis. Mustard. Continued
- 1. Brassica Jun'Cea, Sarepta, Indian, Russian Mustard Brassica Jun'Cea, Sarepta, Indian, Russian Mustard. S. Russia, Africa, India, from this latter country exported into Europe; seed closely resem...
- 30. Hamamelidaceae. Witch Hazel Family
- Ham-a-me-li-da'se-e. L. Hamamel(is)-id + aceae, fr. Gr. together with, + lit (apple) - i. e., flowers and iruit together on the tree. Shrubs, trees. Distinguished by fragrant balsamic pr...
- Hamamelis. Hamamelis
- Aqua Hamamelidis. Hamamelis Water, official. Hamamelis virginiana, Linne. A saturated aqueous liquid distilled with steam or water from the bark, twigs, smaller stems, or entire shrub, collec...
- Styrax. Storax
- Liquidambar orientalis, Miller. A balsam obtained from the wood and inner bark. Habitat. Asia Minor - Southwestern portion, near coast, forming entire forests Syn. Liquid Storax, Oriental ...
- Styrax. Storax. Continued
- 1. Styrax Calamita Styrax Calamita. Resinous exudation from Styrax officitia'lis, in agglutinated tears resembling benzoin, wrapped in leaves; a factitious variety consists of the ground, exhausted...
- 31. Rosaceae. Rose Family
- Ro-za'se-e. L. Ros'a + aceae, fern. pl. rosace-us, rose-like, fr. rosa, a rose. Trees, shrubs, herbs. Distinguished by astringency, succulent edible fruits, prickles and warts on woody surfaces; flowe...
- Rosa Gallica. Red Rose
- Rosa gallica, Linne. The dried petals, collected just before the expansion of the flower. Habitat. W. Asia, S. Europe; cultivated (England, Holland, France, United States, etc.). Syn. Rosa...
- Rosa Gallica. Red Rose. Part 2
- 1. Rosa Centifo'Lia, Pale Rose Rosa Centifo'Lia, Pale Rose. The petals, collected after expanding, official 1820-1900; W. Asia. Plant erect, 1-2 M. (3-6) high, similar to but larger than Rosa ...
- Rosa Gallica. Red Rose. Part 3
- 5. Ge'Um Rim'Le, Purple (Water) Avens Ge'Um Rim'Le, Purple (Water) Avens. The rhizome, official 1820-1880; N. America. Perennial plant .3-.6 M. (1-2) high, stem purple; leaves 3-foliate or 3-l...
- Rosa Gallica. Red Rose. Part 4
- 10. Hage'Nia Abyssin'Ica, Cusso, Kousso, Brayera Hage'Nia Abyssin'Ica, Cusso, Kousso, Brayera. The dried panicles of the pistillate flowers, official 1860-1910; Abyssinia, tablelands, mountains. Or...
- 32. Drupaceae. Plum Family
- Dru-pa'se-e. L. Drup-a + aceae, fr. Gr. tree, + ripen, ripened on the tree - i. e., the stone fruit. Trees, shrubs. Distinguished by bark and seeds containing hydrocyanic acid (po...
- Prunus Virginiana. Wild Cherry
- Prunus serotina, Ehrhart. (Prunus virginiana, Miller.) The stem-bark collected in autumn and carefully dried. Habitat. N. America (Can. to Fla., to Minn., Neb., Kan., La., to Texas), in woods. ...
- Prunus Virginiana. Wild Cherry. Continued
- 1. Prunus Domes'Tica, Prunum, Prune Prunus Domes'Tica, Prunum, Prune. The partly dried ripe fruit, official 1820-1910; W. Asia, cult. in S. France, California. Tree, 4.5-6 M. (15-20) high; lea...
- Amygdala Amara. Bitter Almond
- Oleum Amygdalae Amarae. Oil of Bitter Almond, official. Prunus Amygdalus, var. amara, DeCandolle. A volatile oil obtained by maceration and distillation, from the ripe kernels, and other kernels...
- Amygdala Amara. Bitter Almond. Part 2
- 2. Nitrobenzene, Nitrobenzol, Oil Of Mirbane Nitrobenzene, Nitrobenzol, Oil Of Mirbane. False artificial oil of bitter almond is obtained by acting on benzene with nitric acid. It is very poisonous...
- Amygdala Amara. Bitter Almond. Part 3
- 1. Amygdalus (Prunus) Per'Sica, Peach Amygdalus (Prunus) Per'Sica, Peach. Persia, cultivated largely in the United States, etc. Fruit edible, abounding in sugar, juice ferments, and upon distillati...
- 33. Mimosaceae. Mimosa Family
- Mi-mo-sa'se-e. L. Mimos-a -+- aceae, fr. L. mimus, Gr. a mimic - i. e., the leaves often mimic or imitate animal sensibility, moving by slight impulse, partly closing when touched, etc. Herbs, ...
- Acacia. Acacia
- Acacia Senegal, Willdenow, and other African species. The dried, gummy exudation. Habitat. E. and W. Africa, Senegal, Kordofan, Egypt, Abyssinia, India, Nubia, Upper Nile. Syn. Acac., Gum Ara...
- Acacia. Acacia. Continued
- 1. Acacia Cat'Echu, Catechu Acacia Cat'Echu, Catechu. An extract prepared from the heart-wood, official 1820-1900; India, Hindustan. Plant crooked, shrubby tree, 4.5-12 M. (15-40) high, 15-45 ...
- 34. CAESalpiniaceae. Senna Family
- Ses-al-pin'i-a'se-e. L. Caesalpin-us(-i) + aceae, after Andreas Caesal-pinus (1519-1603), a noted Italian botanist and physician. Trees, herbs, shrubs. Distinguished by leaves compound, bipinnate, sti...
- Senna. Senna
- Cassia acutifolia, Delile, angustifolia, Vahl. The dried leaflets, with not more than 10 p. c. of stem tissues, pods, seeds, foreign matter. Habitat. E. and C. Africa, India. Syn. Senn.; Br. ...
- Senna. Senna. Continued
- Fig. 179. - Cassia angustifolia: half natural size; A, leaflets; B, legumes. and dried even with less care, and contains many brown leaflets and legumes. Constituents. - Anthraglucosennin, E...
- Senna. Senna. Part 2
- 1. Cassia Obova'Ta Cassia Obova'Ta. Leaflets, official 1830-1870. This was the first senna known, being introduced by the Moors into Europe as early as the 9th century, where even in the 16th it be...
- Senna. Senna. Part 3
- 7. Trifo'Lium Praten'Se, Red Clover, Trifolium Re'Pens, White Clover Trifo'Lium Praten'Se, Red Clover, Trifolium Re'Pens, White Clover. The dried inflorescence - used as alterative, deobstruent; se...
- Copaiba. Copaiba
- Copaiba, Miller, one or more species. An oleoresin. Habitat. Brazil (Venezuela, Colombia), Amazon valley, banks of the Orinoco River. Syn. Copaib., Balsam of Copaiba, Copaiva, Balsam Capivi; ...
- Copaiba. Copaiba. Part 2
- 2. Hardwick'Ia Pinna'Ta Hardwick'Ia Pinna'Ta. E. India. Tree yields dark brown oleoresin, containing volatile oil 20-40 p. c., resin, no copaivic acid. 3. Dipterocar'Pus Ala'Tus Dipterocar'Pu...
- Copaiba. Copaiba. Part 3
- 3. Erythrophlae'Um Guineen'Se, Sassy, Mancona, Or Ordeal Bark Erythrophlae'Um Guineen'Se, Sassy, Mancona, Or Ordeal Bark. The dried bark; W. and C. Africa. Large tree with spreading branches, doubl...
- 35. Papilionaceae. Pea Family
- Pa-pil-i-o-na'se-e. L. Papilio-n + aceae, butterfly - i. e., alluding to the corolla being butterfly-shaped. Herbs, shrubs, vines, trees. Distinguished by leaves compound, stipulate; flowers papiliona...
- Balsamum Peruvianum. Balsam Of Peru
- Toluifera Pereirae, (Royle) Baillon. A balsam. Habitat. Central America (San Salvador), in woods near the coast. Syn. Bals. Peruv., Peru Balsam, Balsamum Peruvianum Nigrum, Balsamum Indicu...
- Balsamum Tolutanum. Balsam Of Tolu
- Toluifera Balsamum, Linne. A balsam. Habitat. S. America (Venezuela, Colombia, Peru); high rolling countries. Syn. Bals. Tolu., Tolu Balsam; Fr. Baume - du Tolu - de Carthagene; Ger. Tolubals...
- Balsamum Tolutanum. Balsam Of Tolu. Continued
- 1. Myrox'Ylon Puncta'Tum Myrox'Ylon Puncta'Tum. The Quino-quino tree, and M. peruif-erum, both of Peru; yield balsams resembling official Peru and Tolu. 2. Gale'ga officina'lis, European Goafs R...
- Tragacamntha. Tragacanth
- Astragalus gummifer, Labillardiere, or other Asiatic species. The spontaneously dried gummy exudation from the stems. Habitat. W. Asia - Asia Minor, Armenia, Kurdistan, Persia, Syria, Greece; mo...
- Tragacamntha. Tragacanth. Continued
- 1. Astragalus Bae'Ticus Astragalus Bae'Ticus. Mediterranean basin; seeds used for coffee. A. exsca'pus; C. and S. Europe, mountains; root mucilaginous, astringent, bitter, diuretic. A. glycyphyl'lo...
- Santalum Rubrum. Red Saunders
- Pterocarpus santalinus, Linne filius. The heart-wood. Habitat. Madras; cultivated in S. India, Ceylon, Philippines. Syn. Santal. Rub.; Br. Pterocarpi Lignum, Red Saunders (Sandal) Wood, Re...
- Kino. Kino
- Pterocarpus Marsupium, Roxburgh. The spontaneously dried juice. Habitat. E. India, in forests; C. and S. India (Malabar), Ceylon, Bengal. Syn. Gummi (Resina) Kino, Vengay, Bastard Teak, Bi...
- Glycyrrhiza. Glycyrrhiza
- Commercial. - Plants, like lemon and orange, do not thrive in cold latitudes, becoming woody and less sweet, and while formerly the wild owing to hardy, persistent rapaeious habit, supplied the de...
- Glycyrrhiza. Glycyrrhiza. Continued
- 1. Glycyrrhiza Echina'Ta Glycyrrhiza Echina'Ta. Europe, Hungary, S. Russia; flowers in globular heads, pod ovoid with long spines. G. lepido'ta; United States (Mo., Minn.). 2. A'Brus Precato'Riu...
- Scoparius. Scoparius
- Sparteinae Sulphas. Sparteine Sulphate, C15H26N2.H2SO4+5H2O, official. Cytisus Scoparius, (Lin-ne) Link. The sulphate of sparteine, a liquid alkaloid from this plant. Habitat. W. Asia, S. ...
- Scoparius. Scoparius. Part 2
- 1. Spar'Tium Jun'Ceum, Spanish Broom Spar'Tium Jun'Ceum, Spanish Broom. Leaves soft, hairy; seeds reniform, properties similar to Cytisus Scoparius; fibres used for cordage, coarse cloth, etc. 2...
- Scoparius. Scoparius. Part 3
- 1. Anthrarobin (Desoxyalizarin), C14h10o13 Anthrarobin (Desoxyalizarin), Cho. Obtained from the coal-tar product alizarin by action of nascent hydrogen; it is a strong deoxidizing agent, miscible w...
- Physostigma. Physostigma
- Physostigma venenosum, Balfour. The dried ripe seeds, containing .15 p. c. of alkaloids. Habitat. W. Africa (near mouths of Niger and Old Calabar Rivers, in the Gulf of Guinea); introduced in...
- Physostigma. Physostigma. Continued
- 1. Mucu'Na Pru'Riens, Cowhage, Cowitch Mucu'Na Pru'Riens, Cowhage, Cowitch. Hairs of the pods, official 1820-1880; E. and W. Indies. Climbing plant, flowers resemble those of the pea, purple; leafl...
- 36. Linaceae. Flax Family
- Li-na'se-e. L. Lin-um + aceae, flax, fr. Celtic llin, a thread, whence Gr. L. linum (classic names), Eng. linen - i. e., its fabric. Herbs. Distinguished by flowers being regular; stamens 5, mo...
- Linum. Linseed
- Linum usitatissimum, Linne. The ripe seeds, with not more than 3 p. c. of other seeds, foreign matter. Habitat. C. Asia, Egypt, S. Europe, spontaneous in most temperate countries; cultivated ...
- Linum. Linseed. Continued
- 1. Flaxseed Cake, Oil-Cake Flaxseed Cake, Oil-Cake. Flaxseed when ground yields cake-meal, and this, after being deprived of oil, becomes oil-cake; it still contains all of the nitrogen, 4-5 p. c, ...
- 37. Erythroxylaceae. Coca Family
- Er-i-throx-sil-a'se-e. L. Erythroxyl-on + aceae, fr. Gr. red, wood - i. e., some species have red wood. Shrubs, trees. Distinguished by flowers regular, small, calyx 5-lobed, petals 5, s...
- Coca. Coca
- Cocaina. Cocaine, official. Erythroxylon Coca, Lamarck, and its varieties. An alkaloid from the leaves. Habitat. Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador - eastern slopes of the Andes (Colombia, Brazil, India,...
- Coca. Coca. Continued
- Constituents. - Cocaine (1860) .5-1 p. c., cinnamyl-cocaine, trux-illine (truxil-cocaine, isatropyl-cocaine, cocamine), C19H23NO4 - all three upon hydrolysis yielding ecgonine and methyl alcohol; ecgo...
- 38. Zygophyllaceae. Guaiacum Or Bean-Caper Family
- Zi-go-fi-la'se-e. L. Zygophyll-um + aceae, fr. Gr. yoke, + leaf - i. e., leaves foliolate, yoked and in pairs. Herbs, trees, shrubs. Distinguished by flowers, white, red, yellow, with fl...
- Guaiacum. Guaiac
- Guaiacum officinale, Linne, sanctum, Linne. The resin of the wood. Habitat. 1. West Indies, South America (Jamaica, Haiti, Cuba, Colombia, Venezuela). 2. West Indies (Cuba, Bahamas, Florida). ...
- Guaiacum. Guaiac. Continued
- 1. Guaiacum Angustifo'Lium Guaiacum Angustifo'Lium. S. Texas, Mexico. Wood hard, heavy, splitting irregularly, yellowish-brown. Sometimes substituted for that which formerly was official. ...
- 39. Rutaceae. Rue Family
- Ru-ta'se-e. L. Rut-a + aceae, fern. pl. of rutaceus, of or resembling rue, fr. Gr. to flow - i. e., referring to medicinal properties (female). Trees, herbs, shrubs. Distinguished by leaves exs...
- Xanthoxylum. Xanthoxylum
- Xanthoxylum americanum, Miller, Clava-Herculis, Linne. The dried bark. Habitat. North America: 1. Canada to Virginia, N. Carolina; rocky woods, river banks. 2. Virginia to Florida, westward to T...
- Xanthoxylum. Xanthoxylum. Continued
- 1. Xanthoxylum Florid'Anum, Satin Wood Xanthoxylum Florid'Anum, Satin Wood. Identical with X, carib'ceum; X. ptero'ta, Florida, Texas, Brazil; wood yellow, hard; bark and leaves pungent. 2. Cusp...
- Pilocarpus. Pilocarpus
- Pilocarpus Jaborandi, Holmes, microphyllus, Stapf. The dried leaflets, with not more than 5 p. c. of stalks bearing leaflets and stems, other matter, containing .6 p. c. of alkaloids. Habitat...
- Pilocarpus. Pilocarpus. Continued
- Pilocarpinae Nitras, Pilocarpine Nitrate, C11H16N2O2.HNO3, official. - (Syn., Pilocarpin. Nit.; Fr. Azotate de Pilocarpine; Ger. Pilocarpinum nitricum, Pilokarpinnitrat.) Obtained by neutralizing dilu...
- Buchu. Buchu
- Barosma betulina, (Thunberg) Bartling et Wendland, serratifolia, (Curtis) Willdenow. The dried leaves, with not more than 10 p. c. of stems, foreign matter. Habitat. S. Africa, Cape Colony (Cape...
- Buchu. Buchu. Continued
- 2. Empleu'Rum Serrula'Tum Empleu'Rum Serrula'Tum. Leaves sometimes mixed with buchu, occasionally constituting the main bulk; may be distinguished by their acrid taste, peculiar odor - differing fr...
- Aurantii Amari Cortex. Bitter Orange Peel
- Citrus Aurantium, var. amara, Linne. The dried rind of the fruit. Habitat. N. India, cultivated near the Mediterranean Sea, Spain, W. Indies, Madeira, China, S. and S. W. United States, Florida,...
- Aurantii Dulcis Cortex. Sweet Orange Peel
- Citrus Aurantium, var. sinensis, Gallesio. The outer rind of the fresh, ripe fruit. Habitat. Same as C. Aurantium, var. amara. Syn. Aurant. Dulc. Cort, Curacao, Navel (Seedless) Orange, Forbi...
- Limonis Cortex. Lemon Peel
- Citrus medica, var. Limonum, (Risso) Hooker filius. The outer rind of the fresh ripe fruit. Habitat. N. India; cultivated in subtropics, Mediterranean Basin, United States (California, Florida),...
- Limonis Cortex. Lemon Peel. Continued
- 3. M'Gle Mar'Melos, Bela, Bael, Bengal Quince M'Gle Mar'Melos, Bela, Bael, Bengal Quince. Malabar, Coro-mandel, cultivated in India. Fruit round, size of a large orange, cherry-red color, aromatic,...
- 40. Sim Aim Arubaceae. Quassia Family
- Sim-a-ru-ba'se-e. L. Simarub-a+ aceae; from native name in Guiana. Shrubs, trees. Distinguished by containing bitter principle, and from allied Rutaceae, by leaves being exstipulate, without glands or...
- Quassia. Quassia
- Picrasma excelsa, (Swartz) Planchon, Quassia amara, Linne. The wood. Habitat. 1. W. Indies (Jamaica, St. Kitt's, Antigua, St. Vincent. 2. Surinam, W. Indies, Brazil, Guiana, Columbia, Panama. ...
- Quassia. Quassia. Continued
- 3. Me'Lia Azed'Arach, Margosa Bark, Pride Of India Me'Lia Azed'Arach, Margosa Bark, Pride Of India. Meliaceae. The bark of the root, official 1820-1890; China, India, cultivated, S. United States. ...
- 41. Burseraceae (Amyridaceae). Myrrh (Frankincense) Family
- Ber-se-ra'se-e. L. Burser-a + aceae, after Joachim Burser, German botanist, at Naples, 17th century. Trees, shrubs. Distinguished by secreting fragrant gum-resinous or resinous juice; leaves compound,...
- Myrrha. Myrrh
- Commiphora (Myrrha), one or more species. A gum-resin. Habitat. E. Africa, S. W. Arabia, Somali country, around Hurrur; 450-900 M. (1500-3000) elevation. Syn. Myrrh, Gum Myrrh, Somali (H...
- Myrrha. Myrrh. Continued
- 1. Commiphora (Balsamoden'Dron) Opobal'Samum, Bal'Samum Gil-Eaden'Se, Balm Of Gilead, Mecca Gum, Indian Bdellium Commiphora (Balsamoden'Dron) Opobal'Samum, Bal'Samum Gil-Eaden'Se, Balm Of Gilead, M...
- 42. Polygalaceae. Milkwort Family
- Pol-i-ga-la'se-e. L. Polygal-a + aceae, fr. Gr. much, + milk - i. e., believed to increase lacteal secretion m female animals. Shrubs, herbs. Distinguished by bitter, acrid properties an...
- Senega. Senega
- Polygala Senega, Linne. The dried roots, with not more than 5 p. c. of stems, foreign matter. Habitat. United States, in woods and rocky soil; Can. to S. Ca., west to Wis. Syn. Seneg., Sen...
- Senega. Senega. Continued
- 1. Polygala Al'Ba, White, Texas Or False Senega Polygala Al'Ba, White, Texas Or False Senega. West of Mississippi River; root 6 Mm. (1/4') thick, resembling official, but has a lighter color intern...
- 43. Euphorbiaceae. Spurge Family
- U-for-bi-a'se-e. L. Euvhorhi-a, + areae. Gr. well fed, fr. well, + to feed, after Euphorbus, physician to Juba, king of Mauritania. Trees, shrubs, herbs. Distinguished by containi...
- Croton Tiglium. Croton Oil Plant
- Oleum Tiglii. Croton Oil, official. Croton Tiglium, Linne. A fixed oil expressed from the seeds. Habitat. India, Philippine Islands, (Ceylon, Borneo, Japan, Hindustan, Moluccas); cultivate...
- Croton Tiglium. Croton Oil Plant. Continued
- 1. Croton Elute'Ria, Cascarilla Croton Elute'Ria, Cascarilla. The dried bark, official 1820-1900; Bahama Islands. Plant 1.5-6 M. (5-20) high, stem, 2.5-20 Cm. (1-80 thick, leaves 2.5-7.5 Cm. (...
- Ricinus. Castor Oil Plant
- Oleum Ricini. Castor Oil. official. Ricinus communis, Linne. A fixed oil obtained from the seeds. Habitat. India; cultivated in tropics; India, Italy, Spain, Sicily, United States. Syn....
- Ricinus. Castor Oil Plant. Continued
- 1. Ompha'Lea Oleif'Era, Tambor Oil Ompha'Lea Oleif'Era, Tambor Oil. C. America. Expressed from the seeds; an excellent purgative, does not gripe like castor oil. 2. Man'ihot Manihot (utilis'sima...
- Stillingia. Stillingia
- Stillingia sylvatica, Linne. The dried roots. Habitat. S. United States, in sandy soil, pine barrens (Virginia to Florida, Louisiana). Syn. Stilling., Queen's Root, Queen's Delight, Silver...
- Stillingia. Stillingia. Part 2
- 2. Euphor'Bia Corolla'Ta, Flowering (Blooming) Spurge Euphor'Bia Corolla'Ta, Flowering (Blooming) Spurge. The root official 1820-1880; S. United States. Perennial herb, .6-1 M. (2-3) high; lea...
- Stillingia. Stillingia. Part 3
- 5. Flemin'Gia Rhodocar'Pa, Wars, Wurrus Flemin'Gia Rhodocar'Pa, Wars, Wurrus. Ar. for saffron; Papil-ionaceae; E. Africa. This is a deep purple powder, coarser than kamala, consisting of cylindrica...
- Stillingia. Stillingia. Part 4
- 8. Pista'Cia Lentis'Cus, Mastiche, Mastic Pista'Cia Lentis'Cus, Mastiche, Mastic. The concrete resinous exudation, official 1840-1910; Mediterranean Basin (Spain, France, Italy, Morocco, Greece, et...
- Stillingia. Stillingia. Part 5
- 10. Flex Verticilla'Ta (Pri'Nos Verticilla'Tus), Prinos, Black Alder, Winter-Berry Flex Verticilla'Ta (Pri'Nos Verticilla'Tus), Prinos, Black Alder, Winter-Berry. Ilicaceae. The bark, official 1820...
- 44. Sapindaceae. Soapberry (Wort) Family
- Sap-in-da'se-e. L. Sapind-us + aceae, fr. sap(o) + ind(ic)us, Indian soap - i. e., from its saponaceous fruit. Trees, shrubs, herbs, often twining. Distinguished by presence of a saponaceous principle...
- Guarana. Guarana
- Paullinia Cupana, Kunth. A dried paste consisting chiefly of the crushed seeds, containing 4 p. c. of caffeine. Habitat. N. and W. Brazil, Guiana, Venezuela - banks of Tapajos and Rio Nigro R...
- 45. Rhamnaceae. Buckthorn Family
- Ram-na'se-e. L. Rhamn-us + aceae, Gr. the buckthorn, Christ's-thorn, fr. Celtic ram, a tuft of branches - i. e., collection of thorns, some species thorny. Trees, shrubs. Distinguished by spiny...
- Frangula. Frangula
- Rhamnus Frangula, Linne. The dried bark. Habitat. Europe, N. Asia; hedges, bushy places. Syn. Frang., Buckthorn Bark, Alder (European) Buckthorn, Black (Alder) Dogwood, Berry alder, Arrow ...
- Frangula. Frangula. Continued
- 1. Rhamnus Cathar'Tica, Buckthorn Rhamnus Cathar'Tica, Buckthorn. The nearly ripe fruit (berries), official 1820-1840, Europe, N. Asia, naturalized in N. America. Small tree, 3-4.5 M. (10-15) ...
- Cascara Sagrada. Cascara Sagrada
- Rhamnus Purshiana, De Candolle. The dried bark of the trunk and branches. Habitat. N. Idaho, west to the Pacific (N. California). Syn. Case. Sagr., Rhamnus Purshiana, U. S. P., 1900, Chittem ...
- Cascara Sagrada. Cascara Sagrada. Continued
- 1. Rhamnus Califor'Nica Rhamnus Califor'Nica. California, Mexico. Plant, also called locally cascara sagrada, is smaller than R. Purshiana, and has bark thinner, with reddish dull gray color; lea...
- 46. Malvaceae. Mallow Family
- Mal-va'se-e. L. Malv-a + aceae, fern. pl. of malvaceus, of mallows: malva, mallow, fr. Gr. soft, mild - i. e., owing to its emollient properties or soft, downy leaves. Herbs, shrubs, trees. Dis...
- Althaea. Althaea
- Althaea officinalis, Linne. The root deprived of brown, corky layer and small roots, and carefully dried. Habitat. Europe, Western and Northern Asia; naturalized in salt marshes, New England,...
- Althaea. Althaea. Continued
- 1. Althoea Ro'Sea, Hollyhock Althoea Ro'Sea, Hollyhock. Levant. Petals used; formerly cultivated in gardens. Flowers (Flores Malvoe Arboreoe) 7.5-12.5 Cm. (3-50 broad, nearly sessile, composed of a...
- Gossypium. Cotton
- 1. Gossypium Purificatum. Purified Cotton. 2. Oleum Gossypii Seminis. Cottonseed oil. Gossypinin herbaceum, Linne: one or more cultivated varieties. 1. The hairs of the seed, freed from ad...
- Gossypium. Cotton. Continued
- 1. Gossypii (Radicis) Cortex, Cotton Root Bark, Official 1860-1910 Gossypii (Radicis) Cortex, Cotton Root Bark, Official -. It is in thin, flexible bands, quills, bark .2-1 Mm. (1/125-1/25) thick, ...
- 47. Sterculiaceae. Silk Cotton Family
- Ster-ku-li-a'se-e. L. Sterculi-a + aceae, from stercus, excrement, Sterculius - God of - i. e., named from the fetid flowers or fruit of certain species. Trees, shrubs. Distinguished from Malvaceae by...
- Theobroma. Cacao (Chocolate Tree)
- Oleum Theobromatis. Oil of Theobroma, official. Theobroma Cacao, Linne. A concrete, fixed oil obtained from the roasted seeds. Habitat. S. America (Brazil), C. America, Mexico, W. Indies; ...
- Theobroma. Cacao (Chocolate Tree). Continued
- 2. Theobromine (Dimethylxanthine), C7h8n4o2 Theobromine (Dimethylxanthine), Chno. This is obtained by exhausting the kernels with hot water, straining, precipitating with lead acetate, filtering, r...
- 48. Theaceae (TernstroeMiaceae). Tea Family
- The-a'se-e. L. The-a + aceae, tea, fr. Chinese Teh or Toha - i. e., native name simulating Dea, God. Trees, shrubs. Distinguished by alternate leaves; large showy solitary axillary flowers, sepals 5, ...
- Genus: 1. Thea. Thea. Tea
- Caffeina, Caffeine (Theine), C8H10N4O2+ H2O, official. Thea sinensis, Linne, and Coffea arabica, Linne. A feeble basic substance (alkaloid) from the leaves of the former, and seeds of the latter...
- 49. Guttiferae (Clusiaceae). Gamboge (Mangosteen)
- Gut-tif'e-re. L. fern. pl. Guttifer - gutta, a drop, + ferre, to bear - i. e., plants yield gum or resinous substances (juice) in drops. Trees or shrubs, allied to Hypericaceae and Malvaceae. Leaves c...
- Cambogia. Gamboge
- Garcinia Hanburii, Hooker filius. A gum-resin. Habitat. Annam, Camboja (Cambodia), Siam, Cochin-China. Syn. Cambog., Pipe Gamboge, Gummi-resina Guttae (Gutti), Gutta Gamba, Cambodia; Fr. G...
- Cambogia. Gamboge. Part 2
- 2. Canel'La Winter-A'Na (Al'Ba), Canelloe Cortex, White Cinnamon Canel'La Winter-A'Na (Al'Ba), Canelloe Cortex, White Cinnamon. Canellaceae. The dried inner bark, official 1820-1880; W. Indies. Tre...
- Cambogia. Gamboge. Part 3
- 7. Lophoph'Ora (Anhalo'Nium) Lewin'II, Mescale Lophoph'Ora (Anhalo'Nium) Lewin'II, Mescale. Mexico. This small plant yields the mescale buttons, which are used by the Rio Grande Indians to produce ...
- 50. Tiiymelaeaceae. Mezerecon Family
- Thim-e-le-a'se-e. L. Thymelae-a + aceae, Gr. a plant, fr. courage (thyme), + olive tree (oil), referring to the reviv-, ing odor; or to perfume, being used in temples as in...
- Mezereum. Mezereum
- Daphne Mezereum, Linni, Gniditiin, Linne, Laureola, Linne. The dried bark. Habitat. Europe, mountainous regions, (Siberia, spontaneous in Canada, New England; cultivated for medicine and orna...
- Mezereum. Mezereum. Continued
- 1. Daphne Salicifo'Lia Daphne Salicifo'Lia. The leaves, Mexico; used natively as a vesicant. 2. Fruits of the various species contain 31 p. c. of fixed oil. ...
- 51. Lytiiraceae (Puniceceae). Loosestrife Family
- Lith-ra'se-e. L. Lythr-um + aceae, fr. Gr. gore - i. e., from its purple flowers. Herbs, shrubs, often 4-sided; distinguished by containing astringent principle, coloring agent. Leaves exstipul...
- Granatum. Pomegranate
- Punica Granatum, Linne. The dried bark of the stems and roots, with not more than 2 p. c. of wood, foreign matter. Habitat. S. W. Asia, India, Persia, Arabia, China, Japan, E. and W. Indies; ...
- 52. Myrtaceae. Myrtle Family
- Mer-ta'se-e. L. Myrt-us + aceae, Gr. myrtle, fr. perfume - i. e., characteristic of some species. Trees, shrubs; distinguished by aromatic, pungent properties (vol. oil); stamens 8-10 +;...
- Cajuputum. Cajuput
- Oleum Cajuputi. Oil of Cajuput, official. Melaleuca Leucadendron, Linne, var. Cajeputi, var. minor. A volatile oil distilled from the fresh leaves and twigs. Habitat. E. India Islands, Celebe...
- Caryophyllus. Clove
- Eugenia aromatica, (Linne) Kuntze. The dried flower-buds, with not more than 5 p. c. of peduncles, stems, foreign matter. Habitat. Molucca (Spice or Clove) Islands, five in number, N. E. of C...
- Caryophyllus. Clove. Continued
- 1. Eugenia Jambola'Na, Jambul, Java Plum Eugenia Jambola'Na, Jambul, Java Plum. E. Indies. Large tree producing edible fruit; all parts astringent, but seed and bark also arrest formation of sugar ...
- Pimenta. Pimenta
- Oleum Pimentae. Oil of Pimenta, official. Pirnenta officinalis, Lindlay. (Pimenta Pimenta, (Linne Lyons.) A volatile oil, distilled from the fruit. Habitat. C. and S. America, W. Indies, Jama...
- Eucalyptus. Eucalyptus
- Eucalyptus globulus, Labillardiere. The dried leaves, collected from older parts of the tree, with not more than 3 p. c of stems, fruits, foreign matter. Habitat. Australia (Tasmania, Victori...
- Eucalyptus. Eucalyptus. Continued
- 6. Ara'Lia Spino'Sa, Hercules' Club, Prickly Elder Ara'Lia Spino'Sa, Hercules' Club, Prickly Elder. Araliaceae. The bark, official 1820-1880; N. America. Prickly tree, 3-9 M. (10-30) high, lea...
- 53. Umbelliferae. Parsley (Carrot) Family
- Um-bel-lif'e-re. L. Umbellifer-oe - umbella, umbel, + ferre, to bear - i. e., flowers borne in umbels. Herbs, shrubs. Distinguished by possessing aromatic, stimulant volatile oils; flowers in umbels; ...
- Petroselinum. Parsley Fruit
- Petrosolinum sativum, Hoffman. (Petroselinum Petroselinum, (Linne) Lyons). The dried ripe fruit, with not more than 5 p. c. of foreign seeds, other matter. Habitat. S. Europe, Asia Minor, Sardin...
- Petroselinum. Parsley Fruit. Continued
- 1. Ap'Ium (Carum - Petroselinum) Grave'Olens, Apii Fructus, Celery (Fruit) Ap'Ium (Carum - Petroselinum) Grave'Olens, Apii Fructus, Celery (Fruit). S. Europe, cultivated. The ripe fruit - 1 Mm. (1/...
- Carum. Caraway
- Carirm Carvi (Carui), Linne. The dried fruit, with not more than 3 p. c. of other fruits, seeds, foreign matter. Habitat. C. and W. Asia, Himalayas, Caucasus, Europe, Siberia; cultivated in E...
- Anisum. Anise
- Pimpinella Anisum, Linne. The dried ripe fruit with not more than 3 p. c. of foreign seeds, other vegetable matter. Habitat. W. Asia, Egypt, S. E. Europe; cultivated in S. Europe, United Stat...
- Foeniculum. Fennel
- Foeniculum vulgare, Miller. The dried, ripe fruit of cultivated varieties, with not more than 4 p. c. of foreign matter. Habitat. S. Europe, W. Asia; cultivated. Syn. Foenic, Fennel Seed (...
- Coriandrum. Coriander
- Coriandrum sativum, Linne. The dried ripe fruit, with not more than 5 p. c. of other fruits, seeds, foreign matter. Habitat. C. Asia, S. Europe (China, Italy; cultivated in the United States,...
- Coriandrum. Coriander. Continued
- 1. Aethu'Sa Cyna'Pium, Fool's Parsley, Small Hemlock Aethu'Sa Cyna'Pium, Fool's Parsley, Small Hemlock. . - Leaves non-poisonous, and sometimes carelessly mixed with those of conium - the plants, h...
- Asafoetida. Asafetida
- Ferula Asafoetida, Linne, foetida, (Bunge) Regel, and other species. The gum-resin from the rhizome and roots, containing 60 (powdered 50) p. c. of alcohol-soluble constituents. Habitat. Pers...
- Asafoetida. Asafetida. Continued
- 1. Ferula Nar'Thex (Narthex Assafoetida); Official 1820-1890 Ferula Nar'Thex (Narthex Assafoetida); Official -. This plant is almost identical with F. foetida, and from it much gum-resin is collect...
- Sumbul. Sumbul
- Ferula Sumbul, (Kauffmann) Hooker filius. The rhizome and roots. Habitat. C. and N. W. Asia; Turkestan, Bucharia, Russia, E. Siberia; mountains, 900-1200 M. (3000-4000) elevation. Syn...
- Sumbul. Sumbul. Continued
- 1. Dore'Ma Ammoni'Acum, Ammoniacum, Ammoniac Dore'Ma Ammoni'Acum, Ammoniacum, Ammoniac. The gum-resin, official 1820-1900; E. Persia, Turkestan. Plant of striking appearance, dying after flowering;...
- Series 2: Gamopetalae. Petals more or less united, rarely separate or wanting. 54. Ericaceae. Heath Family
- Er-i-ka'se-e. L. Eric-a + aceae, Gr. heath, fr. to break - i. e., because some species break or dissolve stone in the bladder. Shrubs, small trees. Distinguished by astringent properties...
- Gaultheria. Gaultheria
- Methylis Salicylas. Methyl Salicylate, official. Gaultheria procumbens, Linne, Betula lenta, Linne. An ester (compound ether) obtained by distilling leaves of the former and bark of the latter, ...
- Gaultheria. Gaultheria. Continued
- 1. Chimaph'Ila Umbella'Ta, Pipsissewa, Prince's Pine Chimaph'Ila Umbella'Ta, Pipsissewa, Prince's Pine. Pyrolaceae. The dried leaves, official 1830-1910; N. America, Europe, Asia, dry woods. Perenn...
- Uva Ursi. Uva Ursi
- Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, (Linne) Sprengel. The dried leaves with not more than 5 p. c. of stems, foreign matter. Habitat. Europe, Asia, N. America, United States, south of New Jersey, westwar...
- Uva Ursi. Uva Ursi. Continued
- 1. Arctostaphylos Glau'Ca, Manzanita Arctostaphylos Glau'Ca, Manzanita. California mountains, small tree; leaves 5 Cm. (2') long; contains arbutin, tannin 10 p. c, ash G p. c. A. polifo'lia and A. ...
- 55. Styracaceae. Storax Family
- Sti-ra-ka'se-e. L. Styr-ax(ac) + aceae, Gr. a tree yielding gum, an alteration of native Ar. name Assthirak. Trees, shrubs. Distinguished by yielding stimulant balsamic resins; calyx 4-8-cleft,...
- Benzoinum. Benzoin
- Styrax Benzoin, Dryander, and other species. The balsamic resin. Habitat. East Indies - Sumatra, Siam, Java, Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Laos; cultivated; grown upon interior hills and sea coast pl...
- 56. Oleaceae. Olive Family
- O-le-a'se-e. L. Ole-a + acese, Gr. olive tree, oleum, oil - i. e., referring to the oleaginous fruit. Trees, shrubs. Distinguished by stamens 2-4, inserted on corolla; ovary 2-celled, su...
- Olea. Olive
- Oleum Olivae. Olive Oil, official. Olca europaea, Linne. A fixed oil obtained from the ripe fruit. Habitat. Asia, S. Europe (Spain, Portugal, Asia Minor, Syria, Italy, S. France), Algeria;...
- Manna. Manna
- Fraxinus Ornus, Linne. The dried saccharine exudation. Habitat. Mediterranean Basin, Asia Minor to Spain; Sicily, France, Italy. Syn. Manna (Flowering) Ash, European Manna Tree; Fr. Manne en ...
- Manna. Manna. Continued
- 1. Fraxinus America'Na, Fraxinus, White Ash Bark Fraxinus America'Na, Fraxinus, White Ash Bark. United States; tree 18-24 M. (60-80) high, durable, tough wood, 5-9 ovate, acuminate leaflets, t...
- 57. Loganiaceae. Logania Family
- Lo-ga-ni-a'se-e. L. Logani-a + aceae, after J. Logan, a noted botanist. Shrubs, herbs, trees. Distinguished by poisonous properties; leaves entire, stipulate or raised stipular line; calyx 4-5-cleft, ...
- Gelsemium. Gelsemium
- Gelsemium sempervirens, (Linne) Alton filius. The dried rhizome and roots. Habitat. United States, southward, Va. to Fla., Ala.; rich, moist soil - woodlands. Syn. Gelsem., Yellow Jasmine ...
- Spigelia. Spigelia
- Spigelia marylandica, Linne. The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 10 p. c. of stems, foreign matter. Habitat. United States, Maryland, southward, west to Texas, Wis.; in rich woods....
- Spigelia. Spigelia. Continued
- 2. Phlox' Caroli'Na, Carolina Or Georgia Pink Phlox' Caroli'Na, Carolina Or Georgia Pink. This has a knotty and lighter colored rhizome with a central pith; it is also an anthelmintic, as is P. gla...
- Nux Vomica. Nux Vomica
- Strychnos Nux-vomica, Linne. The dried, ripe seeds, containing 2.5 p. c. of alkaloids. Habitat. India, Hindustan, E. India islands, Malabar, Ceylon, Java, N. Australia. Syn. Nux. Vom., Dog...
- Nux Vomica. Nux Vomica. Part 2
- Strychninae Nitras, Strychnine Nitrate, C21H22N2O2.HNO3, official. - (Syn., Strych. Nit.; Fr. Azotate (Nitrate) de Strychnine; Gei. Strychninum nitricum, Strychninnitrat, Salpetersaures Strychnin.)...
- Nux Vomica. Nux Vomica. Part 3
- Unoff. Preps.: Elixir Strychnine Valerate - strychnine valerate, .0175 Gm. dist. water .5, tinct. of vanilla 1.5, comp. tinct. of cudbear 1.5, aromatic elixir q. s. 100, dose, 3j-2 (4-8 Ml. (Cc.)). So...
- 58. Gentianaceae. Gentian Family
- Jen-shia-na'se-e. L. Gentian-a + aceae, fr. Gr. - i. e., after Gentius, King of Illyria, who first discovered and experienced its virtues. Herbs, shrubs. Distinguished by being smooth, with ...
- Gentiana. Gentian
- Gentiana lutea, Linne. The dried rhizome and roots. Habitat. C. and S. Europe (France, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Portugal, England); mountainous districts. Syn. Yellow Gentian Root, P...
- Gentiana. Gentian. Continued
- 1. Gentiana Elliot'Tii (Catesboe'I), Elliott's Gentian Gentiana Elliot'Tii (Catesboe'I), Elliott's Gentian. The root, official 1820-1880; United States, grassy swamps. Perennial herb (20-60 Cm. (8-...
- 59. Apocynaceae. Dogbane Family
- A-pos-i-na'se-e. L. Apocyn-um + acese, fr. Gr. from, away, + a dog - i. e., drives away or kills dogs, hence dogbane. Trees, shrubs. Distinguished by being milky, acrid, poisonous; leave...
- Strophanthus. Strophanthus
- Strophanthus Kombe, Oliver, The dried, ripe seeds, deprived of the long awn. hispid us, De Candolle. ' Habitat. Tropical Africa (Kom...
- Strophanthus. Strophanthus. Continued
- 1. Strophanthus Dichot'Omus, False Strophanthus Seeds Strophanthus Dichot'Omus, False Strophanthus Seeds. These are chestnut-brown and less densely covered with hairs, otherwise resemble the offici...
- Aspidosperma. Aspidosperma
- Aspidosperma Quebracho-bianco, Schlechtendal. The dried bark, with not more than 2 p. c. of wood, foreign matter, etc. Habitat. S. America; Argentine Republic, Chile. Syn. Aspidosp., Quebr...
- Aspidosperma. Aspidosperma. Continued
- 1. Quebracho Colorado (Loxopteryg'Ium Lorent'Zii - Red Quebracho) Quebracho Colorado (Loxopteryg'Ium Lorent'Zii - Red Quebracho). S. America, Bark checkered, wood red, light brown (Colorado); conta...
- 60. Convolvulaceae. Morning-Glory Family
- Kon-vol-vu-la'se-e. L. Convohul-us + acese, fr. convolvere, to roll together, entwine - i. e., referring to stem's twining habit. Herbs, shrubs. Distinguished by twining or trailing habit, roots, cont...
- Jalapa. Jalap
- Exogonium purga, (Wenderoth) Bentham. The dried tuberous root, containing 7 p. c. of the total resins. Habitat. E. Mexico, in damp, rich, shady woods; cultivated in India. Syn. True Jalap, Ve...
- Jalapa. Jalap. Continued
- 1. Ipomoe'A Pandura'Ta (Convolvulus Pandura'Tus), Wild Potato Or Jalap, Man Root, Man Of The Earth Ipomoe'A Pandura'Ta (Convolvulus Pandura'Tus), Wild Potato Or Jalap, Man Root, Man Of The Earth. T...
- Scammoniae Radix. Scammony Root
- Convolvulus Scammonia, Linne. The dried root, containing 8 p. c. of resins. Habitat. W. Asia (Syria, Asia Minor, Anatolia), Greece (Archipelago); cultivated. Syn. Scam. Rad.; Fr. Racine de...
- 61. Hydrophyllaceae. Waterleaf Family
- Hi-dro-fll-la'se-e. L. Hydronlnill'um + aceae, fr. Gr. water, + L. folium, a leaf - i. e., each leaf has a cavity for holding water. Herbs, shrubs, small trees. Distinguished by being ha...
- Eriodictyon. Eriodictyon
- Eriodictyon californicum, (Hooker et Arnott) Greene. The dried leaves, with not more than 5 p. c. of stems, foreign matter. Habitat. California, Northern Mexico; dry hills, mountains. Syn. Er...
- 62. Labiatae. Labiate (Mint) Family
- La-bi-a'te. L. Labi-um(-a) + atae , fern. pl. of labiatus, lip, lips, lipped - i. e., referring to the irregular or lipped corolla. Herbs, shrubs. Distinguished by abounding in aromatic, stimulant, vo...
- Thymus. Thyme
- Oleum Thymi. Oil of Thyme, official. Thymus vulgaris, Linne. A volatile oil distilled from the flowering plant, containing 20 p. c, by volume, of phenols. Habitat. S. Europe (Portugal to G...
- Thymus. Thyme. Part 2
- 1. Scutellaria Lateriflora, (Mad-Dog) Skullcap Scutellaria Lateriflora, (Mad-Dog) Skullcap. The dried plant, official 1860-1910; N. America, United States, damp thickets, ditch banks. Perennial her...
- Thymus. Thyme. Part 3
- 3. Nep'Eta Cata'Ria, Catnep, Catnip, Catmint Nep'Eta Cata'Ria, Catnep, Catnip, Catmint. The dried leaves and flowering tops, official 1840-1880; Asia, Europe; naturalized in United States. Perennia...
- Thymus. Thyme. Part 4
- 5. Monar'Du Puncta'Ta, Horse-Mint Monar'Du Puncta'Ta, Horse-Mint. The leaves and tops, official 1820-1880; United States. Perennial, .6-1 M. (2-3) high, stem branched, downy, leaves 5-7.5 Cm. ...
- Thymus. Thyme. Part 5
- 8. Hysso'Pus Officinalis, Hyssop Hysso'Pus Officinalis, Hyssop. S. Europe. Plant .3 M. (1) high, stem square, leaves 2.5 Cm. (1') long, punctate on both sides, flowers purplish-blue, stamens 4...
- Mentha Viridis. Spearmint
- Mentha spicata Linne. (Mentha viridis, Linne.) The dried leaves and flowering tops. Habitat. England, wild in Europe, N. America; cultivated in the United States. Syn. Menth. Vir., Mint, Mack...
- Mentha Viridis. Spearmint. Continued
- 1. Mentha Cris'Pa, Crisped-Leaved, Cross Or Curled Mint Mentha Cris'Pa, Crisped-Leaved, Cross Or Curled Mint. This is the cultivated form of M. spicata (viridis), known also as M. aquat'ica var. cr...
- Mentha Piperita. Peppermint
- Mentha piperita, Linne. The dried leaves and flowering tops. Habitat. Asia, Europe, N. America; wild in low ground, wet places; cultivated in Japan, Germany, England, Michigan, New York, etc....
- Lavandula. Lavender
- Oleum Lavandulae. Oil of Lavender, official. Lavandula vera, De Candolle. A volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowering tops. Habitat. S. Europe (France, Italy, Spain), N. W. Africa - ...
- Rosmarinus. Rosemary
- Oleum Rosmarini. Oil of Rosemary, official. Rosmarinus officinalis, Linne. A volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowering tops. Habitat. Mediterranean Basin - Spain to Asia Minor, N. Af...
- 63. Solanaceae. Nightshade (Potato) Family
- Sol-a-na'se-e. L. Solan-um + aceae, fr. sol, the sun - i. e., plants dislike sunlight, grow best in the shade, hence nightshade; or solor, to comfort - i. e., the plants, soothing, narcotic effect; or...
- Capsicum. Capsicum
- Capsicum frutesccns, Linne. The dried fruits, with not more than 2 p. c. of stems, calyxes, other foreign matter. Habitat. S. and C. America (Cayenne in Guiana), introduced into E. Indies, Ja...
- Capsicum. Capsicum. Continued
- 1. Capsicum An'Nuum (Ion'Gum) Capsicum An'Nuum (Ion'Gum). Fruit, official 1820-1880; Fruit 5-10 Cm. (2-4') long, 2.5-4 Cm. (1-1 3/5') thick, oblong, conical, sometimes curved or subglobular, yellow...
- Belladonna. Belladonna
- 1. Belladonnae Folia. Belladonna Leaves. 2. Belladonnae Radix. Belladonna Root. Atropa Belladonna, Linne. 1. The dried leaves and tops, with not more than 10 p. c. of stems, foreign matter...
- Belladonna. Belladonna. Part 2
- Atropina, Atropine, C17H23NO3, official. - (Syn., Atrop., Atropia; Fr. Atropine; Ger. Atropinum, Atropin.) This alkaloid in commerce always contains a little hyoscyamine, which is separated with diffi...
- Belladonna. Belladonna. Part 3
- Manufacture: Pilular, macerate percolate 100 Gm. with 75 p. c. alcohol until exhausted (300 Ml. (Cc.)), reclaim alcohol, evaporate residue at 70 C. (158 F.) to pilular consistence, frequentl...
- Belladonna. Belladonna. Continued
- 1. Sco'Pola Carniol'Ica, Scopola Sco'Pola Carniol'Ica, Scopola. The dried rhizome containing .5 p. c. of mydriatic alkaloids, official 1900-1910; C. Europe, Germany, Austro-Hungary, Carniola. Shrub...
- Hyoscyamus
- Hyoscyamus niger, Linne. The dried leaves and flowering or fruiting tops, containing not less than .065 p. c. of alkaloids. Habitat. Europe, Asia, waste places, neglected ruins, old gardens, ...
- Hyoscyamus. Part 2
- Scopolamine (Hyoscine, Amorphous Hyoscyamine), C17H21NO4. This exists in various plants of the Solanaceae, being chemically and otherwise identical with hyoscine, and thought to consist of two bases, ...
- Stramonium. Stramonium
- Datura Stramonium, Linne, Tatula, Linne. The dried leaves, with not more than 10 p. c. of stems, foreign matter, containing .25 p. c. of alkaloids. Habitat. Asia; naturalized universally (Eur...
- Stramonium. Stramonium. Continued
- 1. Datura Fastuo'Sa Ial'Ba); India Datura Fastuo'Sa Ial'Ba); India. Used there as a criminal poison; capsule small, subglobular, spinous, seeds yellowish-brown, triangular, rough. D. Met'el, Entire...
- 64. Scrophulariaceae. Figwort Family
- Skrof-u-la-ri-a'se-e. L. Scrophulari-a + acese - i. e., from its efficacy in scrofula. Herbs, rarely shrubs. Distinguished by stamens 2-4-5, didynamous or 2 perfect, inserted on 2-lipped corolla-tube;...
- Digitalis
- Digitalis purpurea, Linne. The carefully dried leaves, with not more than 2 p. c. of stems, flowers, foreign matter. Habitat. W. and C. Europe; in sandy soil, edges of woods, thickets; natur...
- Digitalis. Part 2
- Digitalin, Digitalinum. - This is claimed not to exist as such in the drug, although that name has been given to the once supposed important content, which, in reality, is more or less complex. There ...
- Digitalis. Part 3
- Allied Plants: 1. Veron'Ica Virgin'Ica, Leptandra, Culver's-Root (-Physic) Veron'Ica Virgin'Ica, Leptandra, Culver's-Root (-Physic). The dried rhizome and roots, official 1820-1910; N. Ameri...
- 65. Pedaliaceae. Pedalium Family
- Pe-da-li-a'se-e. L. Pedali-wn(on) + aceae, fr. Gr. a rudder - i. e., named in allusion to the dilated angles of the fruit. Herbs, distinguished by being glandular, having oily seeds; leaves ent...
- Sesamum. Benne
- Oleum Sesami. Sesame Oil. official. Sesauium indicum, LinnE, one or more cultivated varieties. A fixed oil obtained from the seeds. Habitat. India (Africa, Egypt, Cyprus, Sicily, Turkey, Pers...
- 66. Rubiaceae. Madder Family
- Ru-bi-a'se-e. L. Rubi-a + aceae, madder, fr. rubeus, rubere, red - i. e., referring to color of the roots. Trees, shrubs, herbs. Distinguished by versatility of important uses; stems round or angular;...
- Caffea. Coffee
- Caffeina. Caffeine, C8H10N4O2 + H2O, official. Coffea arabica, Ldnni, and Thea sinensis, Linne. A feebly basic substance (alkaloid) from the seeds of the former and leaves of the latter (Theacea...
- Caffea. Coffee. Continued
- 2. Co'La Acumina'Ta, Cola Nut Co'La Acumina'Ta, Cola Nut. Sterculiaceae. W. Africa (see page 100); seeds contain caffeine 2 p. c, theobromine, tannin, volatile oil, etc. 3. Paullin'Ia Cupa'Na, G...
- Ipecacuanha. Ipecac
- Cephaclis Ipecacuanha, (Brotero) A. Richard, acuminata, Karsten. The dried root, with not more than 5 p. c. of stems, foreign matter, containing 1.75 p. c. of ether-soluble alkaloids. H...
- Ipecacuanha. Ipecac. Part 2
- Commercial. - Sound ipecac in quality is proportionate to the thickness of the bark (75-90 p. c), and the thinness of the wood (10-25 p. a), as most of the alkaloids reside in the former; that with ve...
- Ipecacuanha. Ipecac. Part 3
- Allied Plants: 1. Psycho'Tri A Emet'Ica, Striated Ipecac Psycho'Tri A Emet'Ica, Striated Ipecac. Root 6 Mm. (1/4') thick, longitudinally wrinkled, not annulate, transverse fissures through b...
- Cinchona. Cinchona
- 1. Cinchona. Cinchona. 2. Cinchona Rubra. Red Cinchona. Cinchona Ledgeriana, + hybrids, Moens, Calisaya, + hybrids, Weddell, succirubra, + hybrids, Pavon, and other species. The dried bark...
- Cinchona. Cinchona. Continued
- Fig. 378. - Calisaya bark, showing digital furrow and short fibrous fracture. Fig. 379. - Calisaya bark: radial longitudinal section through liber, showing cinchona bast-fibres, bast parenchyma...
- Cinchona. Cinchona. Part 2
- 2. Cultivated India Bark Cultivated India Bark. This is cared for and collected in several ways: 1, Urooting, which consists in pulling up and barking the whole tree and replanting the ground - the...
- Cinchona. Cinchona. Part 2. Part 2
- Quininae Hydrochloridum, Quinine Hydrochloride, C20H24N2O2.-HC1 + 2H2O, official. - (Syn., Quin. Hydrochl., Quinine Chloride, Quininae Hydrochloras, Muriate of Quinine; Fr. Chlorhydrate de Quinine (ba...
- Cinchona. Cinchona. Part 2. Part 3
- Fig. 388.' - Quinidine sulphate with KSCy: microscopic crystals. Fig. 389. - Cinchonine sulphate with KSCy: microscopic crystals Chinin.) Obtained by dissolving quinine sulphate (9) in w...
- Cinchona. Cinchona. Part 2. Part 4
- Quinami(n)a, Quinamine, C19H24N2O2. - In long white prisms, non-fluorescent, nearly tasteless, acid solution very bitter, soluble in ether, hot alcohol. Chinoidinum, Chinoidine, Quinoidine; officia...
- Cinchona. Cinchona. Part 3
- 1. Maracaibo Or Hard Yellow Bark (C Cordifo'Lia) Maracaibo Or Hard Yellow Bark (C Cordifo'Lia). This constitutes nearly all of the wild-grown bark; contains 2.5 p. c. of alkalo'ds. 2. Pitaya Bark (...
- Gambir. Gambir
- Ourouparia Gambir, (Hunter) Baillon. A dried extract prepared from decoctions of the leaves and twigs. Habitat. E. India Islands. Syn. Pale Catechu, Catechu Pallidum, Catechu, Tarra Japoni...
- 67. Caprifoliaceae. Honeysuckle Family
- Kap-ri-fo-li-a'se-e. L. Caprifoli-um + aceae - caper, a goat, + folium, leaf - i. e., referring to the climbing and capering plant-habit, like a goat. Trees, shrubs, herbs. Distinguished by showy, swe...
- Viburnum Prunifolium. Viburnum Prunifolium
- Viburnum prunifoliiiin. Linne, Lentago, Linne. The dried bark, with not more than 5 p. c. of wood, foreign matter. Habitat. United States, New York to'Florida, west to Mich., Kan., Tex.; dry soi...
- Viburnum Prunifolium. Viburnum Prunifolium. Continued
- 1. Viburnum Op'Ulus; Cramp Bark, High Cranberry Viburnum Op'Ulus; Cramp Bark, High Cranberry. The dried bark (of the stem), official 1890-1910; United States, low grounds, north and west. Handsome ...
- 68. Valerianaceae. Valerian Family
- Va-le-ri-a-na'se-e. L. Valerian-a + aceae, fr. Valerianus or Valerius, who first used it in medicine - valere, to be strong, healthful - i. e., its odor and medicinal virtues. Herbs. Distinguished by ...
- Valeriana. Valerian
- Valeriana officinalis, Linne. The dried rhizome and roots. Habitat. Europe, N. Asia, in moist as well as dry localities, banks of streams; naturalized in New England and New York; cultivated....
- Valeriana. Valerian. Continued
- 1. Valeriana Phu' Valeriana Phu'. W. Asia, S. Europe; tall perennial; rhizome (Radix Valeriana Majoris) is 10-15 Cm. (4-6') long, 12 Mm. (1/2') thick, annulated, brown; V. mexica'na and V. tolucca'...
- 69. Cucurbitaceae. Gourd Family
- Ku-ker-bi-ta'se-e. L. Cucurbit-a + aceae, a gourd, fr. curvitas, crookedness - i. e., referring to the fruit's shape. Herbs. Distinguished by possessing acrid, bitter, purgative properties, succulent ...
- Pepo. Pepo
- Cucurbita Pepo, Linne. The dried ripe seeds of cultivated varieties with not more than 5 p. c. of other substances. Habitat. Tropical Asia, America; cultivated. Syn. Pumpkin Seed, Pumpkin,...
- Colocynthis. Colocynth
- Citriillus Colocynthis, (Linne) Schrader. The dried pulp of fruit, with not more than 5 p. c. of seeds or 2 p. c. of epicarp. Habitat. S. and W. Asia, N. and S. Africa, in arid places, desert...
- Ecballium. Squirting Cucumber
- Elaterinum. Elaterin, C20H28O5, official. Ecballium Elaterium, (Linne) A. Richard. A principle from Elaterium, a substance deposited by the juice of the fruit. Habitat. W. Asia, N. Africa,...
- 70. Campanulaceae. Bell-Flower Family
- Kam-pan-u-la'se-e. L. Campanul-a + aceae, dim. of campana, a bell - i. e., from the resemblance of the corolla. Herbs, shrubs. Distinguished by alternate exstipulate leaves; acrid and usually milky ju...
- Lobelia. Lobelia
- Lobelia inflata, Linne. The dried leaves and flowering tops, with not more than 10 p. c. of stems, foreign matter. Habitat. N. America (Canada, United States), in fields and open places. S...
- Lobelia. Lobelia. Continued
- 1. Lobelia Syphilitica, Great Lobelia Lobelia Syphilitica, Great Lobelia. Stem .6-1 M. (2-3) high; flowers large, 2.5 Cm. (1') long, beautiful blue; diaphoretic. Used by the aborigines for syp...
- 71. Cichorlaceae. Chicory Family
- Si-ko-ri-a'se-e. L. Cichori-um + aceae, Gr. fr. Egypt. chikouryeh, chichory, chicory, succory - i. e., the original Ara-bic name of the characteristic plant. Herbs. Distinguished by alter-na...
- Taraxacum. Taraxacum
- Taraxacum officinale, Weber. The dried rhizome and roots. Habitat. Europe (naturalized in N. America); grassy places, roadsides, pastures, fields. Syn. Tarax., Dandelion, Lion's Tooth, Whi...
- Taraxacum. Taraxacum. Continued
- 1. Cicho'Rium In'Tybus, Chicory Cicho'Rium In'Tybus, Chicory. Europe, naturalized in United States. Root with laticiferous vessels radiate, also is whiter, more woody, and has thinner bark than tar...
- Lactucarium. Lactucarium
- Lactuca virosa, Linne. The dried milk-juice. Habitat. C. and S. Europe, W. Siberia, naturalized in New England; cultivated. Syn. Lactucar., Acrid Lettuce, Wild Lettuce, German Lactucarium,...
- Lactucarium. Lactucarium. Continued
- 1. Lactuca Canadensis (Elonga'Ta), Wild Lettuce Lactuca Canadensis (Elonga'Ta), Wild Lettuce. The herb, official 1820-1850; N. America. Herb 1.3-3 M. (4-10) high, hollow, purple, very leafy, s...
- 72. Compositae. Composite (Thistle) Family
- Kom-poz'i-te. L. Composit-us + ae, pp. of componere, compounded - i. e., referring to the two kinds of florets (ray and disk) composing each flower-head. Herbs, shrubs. Distinguished by being the larg...
- Grindelia. Grindelia
- Grindelia camporum, Greene, cunoifolia, Nuttall, squarrosa, (Pursh) Dundl. The dried leaves and flowering tops, with not more than 10 p. c. of stems, foreign matter. Habitat. N. America, west of...
- Grindelia. Grindelia. Part 2
- 2. Eupato'Rium Perfolia'Tum, Boneset, Thorovghwort Eupato'Rium Perfolia'Tum, Boneset, Thorovghwort. The dried leaves and flowering tops, official 1820-1910; X. America, swamps, meadows, banks. Hair...
- Grindelia. Grindelia. Part 3
- 6. Gnapha'Lium Obtusifo'Lium (Polyceph'Alum), Common, Sweet, Or Fragrant Life Everlasting Gnapha'Lium Obtusifo'Lium (Polyceph'Alum), Common, Sweet, Or Fragrant Life Everlasting. Annual erect herb, ...
- Grindelia. Grindelia. Part 4
- 11. Achille'A Millefolium, Yarrow, Milfoil Achille'A Millefolium, Yarrow, Milfoil. The leaves and flowering tops, official 1860-1880; N. America. Perennial herb, .3-.6 M. (1-2) high, hairy;...
- Matricaria. Matricaria
- Matricaria Chamomilla, Linni. The dried flower-heads, with not more than 5 p. c. of stems, foreign matter. Habitat. Europe, W. Asia, naturalized in Australia; cultivated in German settlements...
- Pyrethrum. Pyrethrum
- Anacyclus Pyrethrum, (Linne) De Candolle. The dried root. Habitat. N. Africa, Algeria, Barbary - high lands; cultivated in gardens. Syn. Pyreth., Pellitory Root, Pellitory (of Spain), Span...
- Pyrethrum. Pyrethrum. Continued
- 1. Anacyclus Officina'Rum, German Pellitory Anacyclus Officina'Rum, German Pellitory. Cultivated in Saxony, Bohemia, Prussia, near Magdeburg, and is considered to be the annual form of the official...
- Santonica. Santonica
- Santoninum. Santonin, C15H18O3, official. Artemisia pauciflora, (Ledebour) Weber. The inner anhydride (lactone) of santonic acid. Habitat. N. Turkestan, Russia, on the vast plains of Kirgh...
- Santonica. Santonica. Continued
- 2. Indian Wormseed Indian Wormseed. Europe. Only half size of santonica, hairy and more yellow. The American wormseed are often substituted for santonica, but their resemblance, on close inspection...
- Arnica. Arnica
- Arnica moutana, Linne. The dried flower-heads. Habitat. Europe - Germany, Switzerland (Alps, Pyrenees) - N. Asia, N. W. America; in mountains and moist upland meadows. Syn. Arnic, Arnica F...
- Arnica. Arnica. Part 2
- 3. Arc'Tium Lap'Pa, Burdock, Clotbur Arc'Tium Lap'Pa, Burdock, Clotbur. The dried root, collected from plants of the first year's growth, official 1830-1910; Europe, N. Asia, nat. in N. America, wa...
- Arnica. Arnica. Part 3
- 4. Xan'Thium Struma'Rium, Broad Cocklebur Xan'Thium Struma'Rium, Broad Cocklebur. Ambrosiaceae, N. America; achenes 2.5 Cm. (1') long, flat, oblong, without pappus, enclosed in the involucre, which...
- Organic Drugs From The Vegetable Kingdom: Recapitulation
- Recapitulation No. 1. Family (Nat. order). Botanic source. Part official. Habitat. Constituents. Official preparations. ...
- Part II. Organic Drugs From The Animal Kingdom
- The Animal Kingdom is divided into two great subkingdoms, viz.: I. Invertebra'ta. L. fr. in, not, + vertebratus, vertebrated - i. e., not vertebrated. These have no vertebra, backbone, or spinal co...
- Subkingdom I. Invertebrata. Class 1.: Insecta. L. Pl. Of Insectum
- This class includes those small animals that have 1 pair of antennae, 3 pairs of mouth organs, and breathe air by means of tracheae, opening by spiracles along the sides of the body, as hexapods (6-le...
- 1. Hemiptera. Hemipterous Family
- He-imp'te-ra. L. neut. pl. of hemipterus, half-winged, fr. Gr. half, + wing - i. e., insects have forewings partly membranous and partly coriaceous, chitinous. This family includes the v...
- Coccus. Cochineal
- Coccus cacti, Linne. The dried female insect enclosing the young larvae. Habitat. Mexico, C. America; cultivated in W. Indies, Canaries, Algiers, S. Spain. Syn. Cochineal Insect; Fr. Cochenille...
- Coccus. Cochineal. Part 2
- 1. Coccus ILI'Cis Coccus ILI'Cis. Greece (Morea, mountains); inhabits Quercus coccif era; consists of females, size of a pea, brownish-red; used natively as a dye, and called kermes, chermes, or al...
- Coccus. Cochineal. Part 3
- 2. Oculi'Na Virgin'Ea And Coral'Lium Ru'Brum, Corallium, Coral Oculi'Na Virgin'Ea And Coral'Lium Ru'Brum, Corallium, Coral. Hexa (Octo)-coralla; Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean. Polypipher-ous an...
- 2. Coleoptera. Coleopterous Family
- Ko-le-op'te-ra. L. pl. of coleopterum, fr. Gr. a sheath, + a wing - sheath-winged - i. e., insects having the posterior pair of wings membranous and sheathed by the hardened anter...
- Cantharis. Cantharides
- Cantharis vesicatoria, (Linne) De Geer. The dried beetles, containing .6 p. c. of cantharidin. Habitat. S. and C. Europe, W. Asia - Spain, Italy, Sicily, S. France, Hungary, S. Russia. Syn...
- 3. Hymenoptera. Hymenoptorous Family
- Hi-me-nop'te-ra. L. neut. pl. of hymenopterus, fr. Gr. membrane-winged; membrane, + wing - i. e., animals have membranous wings. This family includes the highest insects, because ...
- Apis Mellifera. The Hive Or Honey Bee
- 1. Mel. Honey. 2. Cera Flava. Yellow Wax. Apis mellifera, Linne. 1. A saccharine secretion deposited in the honeycomb by the bee. 2. A product obtained by melting and purifying the honey-c...
- Apis Mellifera. The Hive Or Honey Bee. Continued
- II. Cera Flava, Yellow Wax II Cera Flava, Yellow Wax. The honeycomb, after draining the honey, is melted in water, impurities allowed to subside, then cooled; a second or third melting produces eac...
- Subkingdom II. Vertebrata. Class 2: Pisces. L. Pl. Of Piscis, A Fish
- This class includes the oviparous animals that have fins and a covering of scales or plates. They breathe by gills, live almost entirely in water, swim instead of walking or flying, have a complete cr...
- 4. Teleost(EAE)-Ia. Teleostean Family
- Tel-e-os'te-e. L. teleosteus, fr. Gr. complete, + a bone - i. e., has a well-ossified skeleton, like ordinary fishes. This family has well-developed brain, optic nerves cross each other,...
- Oleum Morrhuae. Cod Liver Oil
- Gadus Morrhua, Linne, and other species. A fixed oil from the fresh livers. Habitat. N. Atlantic Ocean. Syn. The Cod (fish), 01. Morrh., Oleum Hepatis Morrhuae, Cod Oil; Fr. Huile de Foie de ...
- Oleum Morrhuae. Cod Liver Oil. Part 2
- 1. Oleum Squali, Shark Oil Oleum Squali, Shark Oil. From the liver of the shark - Squa'lus Carcha'rias; light yellow, limpid at - 6 C. (21.2 F.). 2. Oleum Rajae, Ray Oil, Skate Oil ...
- Oleum Morrhuae. Cod Liver Oil. Part 3
- 5. Chondrin Chondrin. This resembles gelatin, being from cartilages of the ribs and other non-ossifying cartilages; its aqueous solution is precipitated by alum, lead acetate, ferric salts, acetic ...
- Class 3: Mammalia. L. Fr. Mammalis, Of The Breast
- The highest class of vertebrata. Distinguished by all being warm-blooded, viviparous, suckling their young by a mammary gland, nipples, breathing by lungs. ...
- 5. Cetacea. Cetaceous Family
- Se-ta'se-a. L. cetus, Gr. a whale - i. e., pertaining or belonging to the whale. All animals of this family have pelvis and hind limbs somewhat atrophied, a fish-like body, specialized for aqua...
- Cetaceum. Spermaceti
- Physeter macrocephalus, Linne. A concrete, fatty substance from the head of the sperm whale. Habitat. The Pacific and Indian Oceans. Syn. Cetac, the Sperm Whale; Fr. Blanc de Baleine, Ceti...
- 6. Pachydermata. Pachyderma(L)-Tous Family
- Pak-i-der'ma-ta L. fr. Gr. thick, + skin. All animals of this family have thick skin, are non-ruminant (do not chew the cud), ungulate mammals, or hoofed quadrupeds, such as elephants, h...
- Sus Scrofa. The Hog
- 1. Adeps. Lard. 2. Pancreatinum. Pancreatin. 3. Pepsinum. Pepsin. Sus scrofa var. domesticus. Gray. 1. The purified internal fat of the abdomen of the hog. 2. A mixture of enzymes (princip...
- Sus Scrofa. The Hog. Continued
- 1. Renninum, Rennin Renninum, Rennin. Partially purified milk-curdling enzyme from glandular layer of the calf's stomach (Bos taurus), coagulating 25,000 times its weight of fresh milk. It is a yel...
- 7. Ruminantia. Ruminant Family
- Ru-mi-nan'shi-a. L. fr. ruminan(t)s, ruminating, chewing the cud. All animals of this family (bos, camel, deer, neat cattle, sheep, etc.) are hoofed quadrupeds, cloven-footed, even-toed, with 4 stomac...
- Moschus. Musk
- Moschus moschiferus, Linne. The dried secretion from the preputial follicles. Habitat. Central Asia, from India to Siberia, Thibet; Himalayas, 900-4,200 M. (3,000-14,000) elevation. S...
- Moschus. Musk. Continued
- 1. Cas'Tor Fi'Ber, Castoreum, Castor, Beaver Cas'Tor Fi'Ber, Castoreum, Castor, Beaver. Rodentia. The dried preputial follicles, and their secretion, obtained from the male and female animal, separ...
- Ovis Aries. The Sheep
- 1. Sevum Praeparatum. Prepared Suet. 2. Adeps Lanae. Wool Fat. Ovis aries, Linni. 1. The internal fat of the abdomen of the sheep, purified by melting and straining. 2. The purified fat of...
- Ovis Aries. The Sheep. Continued
- 1. Sevum Bovinum, Beef Tallow Sevum Bovinum, Beef Tallow. This is the internal fat of Bos taurus; it is similar to the preceding, except that it has a slightly different odor; melts at 40 C. (...
- Bos Taurus. The Ox And Cow
- 1. Fel Bovis. Oxgall. 2. Saccharum Lactis. Sugar of Milk, C12H22O11 + H2O. Bos taurus, Linne. 1. The fresh bile of the ox. 2. Lactose, C12H22O11 + H2O, from the whey of cow's milk. Habi...
- Bos Taurus. The Ox And Cow. Part 2
- 2. Keratin, Ceratin Keratin, Ceratin. Resembles protein, but has some of its oxygen replaced by sulphur, being the chief constituent of cattle and horses' hoofs, feather quills, finger-nails, and e...
- Bos Taurus. The Ox And Cow. Part 2. Continued
- 4. Serum Antitetanicum. Antitetanic Serum, official. - (Syn., Ser. Antitetan., Tetanus Antitoxin; Fr. Serum antitetanique; Ger. Tetanus-Heilserum.) Manufacture: A fluid, having a potency of 100 uni...
- Bos Taurus. The Ox And Cow. Part 3
- 7. Streptococcus Antitoxin Streptococcus Antitoxin. This serum is prepared similarly to the preceding, using, however, several rabbits, as well, finally, as the horse, for increasing the virulence,...
- Bos Taurus. The Ox And Cow. Part 4
- 9. Butyrum, Butter Butyrum, Butter. This is obtained by churning the cream rising to the surface of cow's milk. It is soft, yellow, neutral (if acid, due to free butyric acid), sp. gr. 0.930, melts...
- Organic Drugs From The Animal Kingdom - Recapitulation
- Recapitulation No. 8 Class and family. Zoologic source. Part official. Habitat. Constituents. Official preparations. Me...
- Part III. Inorganic Drugs From The Mineral Kingdom. I. Metalloids And Their Compounds. Hydrogen
- Hi = 1. The element hydrogen (Gr. water, + producing, generates water - i. e., upon combustion, becoming one of its components) is not official, although in combination, especially wi...
- Oxygenium. Oxygen
- Oii = 16. (Syn., Fr. Oxygene; Ger. Oxygen, Sauerstoff.) The element oxygen (Gr. acid, sharp, + producing - i. e., a generator of acids, once supposed a component of all acids) is o...
- Nitrogen
- Niii = 14. The element nitrogen (Gr. L. nitrum, niter, + produced from or generator or) is or considerable importance in medicine, owing to its ready combination with hydrogen and oxy...
- Nitrogen. Continued
- Properties and Uses. - Anaesthetic, stimulant, produces mental disturbances with hilarity, and as it raises arterial tension (pressure) should not be given to those having fatty heart or atheroma of t...
- Carbon
- Civ = 12. The element carbon (L. carbo, coal, Skt. cra, to cook) in the free state is of the greatest service in its several forms (official and non-official), while in combination it is of infinit...
- Silicium. Silicon
- Siiv = 28.3 The element silicon (L. silex, silicis, flint, which is nearly all silica = silicon oxide), like boron, resembles carbon. It is infusible, insoluble, non-volatile, and is met with, in c...
- Boron
- Biii = 11. The element boron (L. bor(ax) + on, fr. Ar. baraqa, shine, glisten, substance from which the element first was obtained) resembles carbon very closely. It is infusible, non-volatile, ins...
- Sulphur
- Siii = 32. The element sulphur (AS, swefel, fr. Skt. culva, copper, + on, enemy to, or L. sal. salt, + Gr. fire, its combustible quality - brimstone, has same meaning, brynstone, burnstone) ...
- Sulphur. Continued
- 1. Acidum Sulphurosum, Sulphurous Acid, H2so3, Official 1860-1910 Acidum Sulphurosum, Sulphurous Acid, Hso, Official -. This aqueous solution of sulphur dioxide, SO2, 6.4 p. c, by weight, and water...
- Phosphorus. Phosphorus
- Piii = 31. (Syn., Phosphor.; Fr. Phosphore; Ger. Phosphor.) The element phosphorus (Gr. light, + to bring - i. e., emits light in the dark) is official, and occurs in nature combin...
- Chlorine. CLI = 35.4
- The element chlorine (Gr. light green - i. e., color of the gas) is a greenish-yellow irrespirable gas, and as such is mainly useful as a reagent in the laboratory and for bleaching, deodorizin...
- Bromum. Bromine
- Bri = 79.92. (Syn., Brominium; Fr. Brome; Ger. Brom.) The element bromine (Gr. bad smell, stink - i. e.. its disagreeable odor), official 1840-1910, owing to powerful corrosive irritant p...
- Iodum. Iodine
- Ii = 126.92. (Syn., Iodinium; Fr. lode; Ger. Jodum, Jod.) The element iodine (Gr. lov, violet, + form, likeness - i. e., from its violet-colored vapor) is official, and occurs in nature c...
- II. Metals And Their Compounds (Salts)
- These are treated also in natural groups, which associate those together having the strongest points of relationship. Thus in regular sequence we have: Light Metals. ...
- Potassium (Kalium)
- Ki = 39.1. Potassium (L. for potash - pot + ash - i. e., origin of the salts by evaporating wood-ash lye in pots; Ar. kali, L. kalium, ashes) occurs in nature to a great extent as a double silicate...
- Potassium (Kalium). Part 2
- Manufacture: Evaporate liquor potassii hydroxidi to dryness, then pour into molds and quickly bottle to prevent deliquescence. It may also be made by action of the metal potassium on water, and evapor...
- Potassium (Kalium). Part 3
- 3. Aqueous solution (1 in 5) and sodium bitartrate T. S. each 5 Ml. (Cc.) - white crystalline precipitate; heat .1 Gm. with sulphuric acid and alcohol each 1 Ml. (Cc.) - ethyl acetate, recognized by o...
- Potassium (Kalium). Part 4
- Preparation. - 1. Pulvis Jalapae Compositus, 65 p. c. Potassii et Sodii Tartras. Potassium and Sodium Tartrate, KNaC4H4O6 + 4H2O. - (Syn., Pot. et Sod. Tart., Rochelle Salt, Tartarated Soda, Natrok...
- Potassium (Kalium). Part 5
- Fig. 445. - Potassium chlorate crystal. pressure that might cause ignition or explosion, form mass with water q. s., divide into 100 troches. Dose, 1-4 troches. Properties. - Alterative, stimula...
- Potassium (Kalium). Part 6
- Uses. - Epilepsy, hysterical, infantile, and puerperal convulsions, neuralgia, insanity, delirium tremens, chorea, tetanus, sunstroke, hysteria, whooping-cough, spasmodic asthma, vomiting of phthisis,...
- Potassium (Kalium). Part 7
- Poisoning, Incompatibles: Same as for iodine, see page 683. Potassii Nitras. Potassium Nitrate, KNO3. - (Syn., Pot. Nitras, Saltpetre, Nitre, Nitras (Potassicus) Kalicus, Sal (Petrseae) Nitri, Nitr...
- Potassium (Kalium). Part 8
- Properties. - Hydrocyanic acid and all cyanides: Anaesthetic, sedative, anodyne, antispasmodic. On unbroken skin, mouth, and stomach paralyzes sensory nerve-endings; small doses slow the heart by stim...
- Sodium (Natrium)
- Nai = 23. The metallic element sodium (L. sod-a, + ium, fr. solidus, contr. sodo, solid, hard, sod-ash, residue from burning masses or sods of marine plants) is not itself official, but many of its...
- Sodium (Natrium). Part 2
- Manufacture: The most abundant sodium compound, found native everywhere, but, for general use, obtained from crystalline rock-salt, which is mined extensively, sea-water and brine of salt-wells, these...
- Sodium (Natrium). Part 3
- Fig. 452. - Sodium carbonate crystal. ally loses carbon dioxide; at boiling - entirely converted into normal sodium carbonate. Impurities: Heavy metals, carbonate. Should be kept cool, in well-...
- Sodium (Natrium). Part 4
- of phenolphthalein T. S.; contains 98 p. c. of pure salt. Tests: 1. Heat to 150 C. (302 F.) - loses all water of crystallization; ignite at red heat - carbonizes, emitting inflammable gases ...
- Sodium (Natrium). Part 5
- Sodii Bromidum. Sodium Bromide, NaBr. - (Syn., Sod. Brom., Bromuretum Sodicum; Fr. Bromure de Sodium; Ger. Natrium bro-matum, Natriumbromid, Bromnatrium.) Manufacture: Similar to potassium bromide,...
- Sodium (Natrium). Part 6
- Properties and Uses. - Hydragogue cathartic, diuretic; the strongest sodium purgative. When effloresced (dehydrated) it is twice as strong, hence dose should be only one-half. Largely used in veterina...
- Sodium (Natrium). Part 7
- Prep.: 1. Liquor Sodii Arsenatis. Solution of Sodium Arsenate. (Syn., Liq. Sod. Arsen., Solution of Arseniate of Sodium; Fr. Liqueur (Solute) d'Arseniate de Soude; Ger. Arsensaure Natronlosung.) Manuf...
- Sodium (Natrium). Part 8
- Properties and Uses. - Nervine, tonic, where system needs phosphorus. Nervous asthma, neurasthenia, deficient nutrition, Addison's disease, phosphaturia, goiter, convalescence; substitute for pilocarp...
- Sodium (Natrium). Part 9
- 2. Sodii Carbonas. Sodium Carbonate, Na2CO3 + 10H2O, official 1830-1900. Obtained by several processes: 1. Leblanc's: (1) 2NaCl + H2SO4 - Na2SO4 + 2HC1. (2) Na2SO4 + 4C + CaCO3 + heat = Na2CO3 + CaS +...
- Sodium (Natrium). Part 10
- Lithii Carbonas. Lithium Carbonate, Li2CO3. - (Syn., Lith. Carb., Carbonas Lithicus; Fr. Carbonate (de Lithine) lithique; Ger. Lithium carbonicum, Lithiumcarbonat, Lithiae Carbonas, Kohlensaures Lithi...
- Sodium (Natrium). Part 11
- NHi4 = 18. There is no metallic ammonium (L. Ammoni-a + um, fr. (sal) ammoniac, obtained from near temple of Jupiter Ammon, in Libya, by burning camel's dung); the nearest approach to it, so far, b...
- Sodium (Natrium). Part 12
- Preparations. - 1. Trochisci Ammonii Chloridi. Troches of Ammonium Chloride. (Syn., Troch. Ammon. Chlor.; Fr. Tablettes (Pastilles) de Chlorure d'Ammonium (de Sel Ammoniac); Ger. Salmiakpastillen.) ...
- Sodium (Natrium). Part 13
- Properties and Uses. - Antirheumatic, antipyretic, expectorant, germicide; febrile conditions, bronchitis, rheumatism, gout, etc. Ammonii Iodidum. Ammonium Iodide, NH4I. - (Syn., Ammon. Iod., Iodur...
- Magnesium
- Mgii 24.32. The element magnesium (L. magnesi(a) + um, district in Thessaly; also name of two cities in Asia Minor) occupies an intermediate place between metals of the alkalies and alkaline earths...
- Magnesium. Continued
- Properties and Uses. - Antacid, mild laxative; valuable for children as well as adults. Unoff. Preps.: Liquor Magnesii Bicarbonatis, Fluid Magnesia (Br.), 2 p. c. Dose, j-2 (30-60 Ml. (Cc.)...
- Calcium. Caii = 40
- The element calcium (L. calx, calcis, limestone, Gr. is one of a group of three - calcium, barium, strontium - which form the alkaline earths. These metals, like the alkalies and magnesium, dec...
- Calcium. Caii = 40. Part 2
- Preparation. - 1. Liquor Sodae Chlorinatae. Solution of Chlorinated Soda. (Syn., Liq. Sod. Chlorinat., Labarraque's Solution, Liquor Sodae Chloratae, Liquor Natri (Chlorati) Hypochlorosi, Bleaching So...
- Calcium. Caii = 40. Part 3
- Preparation. - (Unoff.): Syrupus Calcii Iodidi, 3.4 p. c. - iodine 7.6, iron wire 2.8, sugar 70, dist. water q. s. 100, dose, 3ss-l (2-4 Ml. (Cc.)). Properties and Uses. - Similar to Creta Prsepara...
- Calcium. Caii = 40. Part 4
- Preparation. - (Unoff.): Elixir, 8.5 p. c, + dil. hydrobromic acid .4, + , dose, 5j-2 (4-8 Ml. (Cc.)). Properties and Uses. - As a substitute for potassium bromide; hypnotic, sedative, in insomnia,...
- Barium
- Baii - 137.37. The element barium (L. bar(ytes)+ium, fr. Gr. heavy, owing to high sp. gr. or heavy spar) and its compounds are not much used in medicine; it is found rarely in nature, and oc...
- Strontium
- Srii = 87.6. The element strontium (L. fr. strontian, in Argyleshire, Scotland, where first found as strontianite, SrCO3) in the form of its compounds was not until recently used to any extent in m...
- Strontium. Continued
- Some of the unofficial salts, such as nitrate, etc., are used for red fire. Aliii = 27.1. The metal aluminum (L. alumen, alumin(is) + um, alum, fr. alo, to nourish, as confounded with iron sulph...
- Cerium. Ceiv = 140.25
- The element cerium (named by Berzelius, 1803, after asteriod Ceres, then just discovered, 1801) occurs sparingly in nature, chiefly in cerite, also in gadolinite, allanite, and orthite. Monzanite sand...
- Ferrum. Iron
- Feii = 55.84. Fe2vi = 111.68. The element iron (AS, iren, Goth. iarn, metal; L. ferrum) is the most useful and abundant of the heavier metals, being present in nearly all rocks, soils, animal and ...
- Ferrum. Iron. Part 2
- Preparations. - 1. Ferri Chloridum. Ferric Chloride, FeCl3(Fe2-C16.12H2O). (Syn., Ferr. Chlor., Iron Perchloride, Sesquichloride of Iron, Ferrum Muriaticum Oxydatum, Ferri Perchloridum; Fr. Perchlorur...
- Ferrum. Iron. Part 3
- Pilulae Ferri Iodidi. Pills of Ferrous Iodide. - (Syn., Pil. Ferr. Iod.; Fr. Pilules d'Iodure de Fer (ferreuse), Pilules de Blancard; Ger. Eisenjodurpillen.) Manufacture: Add, in a mortar, 6 Ml. (C...
- Ferrum. Iron. Part 4
- Properties and Uses. - Owing to its deficiency in H2SO4, this solution when evaporated yields a salt less irritating than the liquor tersulphatis, and one having greater astringency. It was introduced...
- Ferrum. Iron. Part 5
- Manufacture: Rub in a mortar potassium carbonate 8 Gm. with glycerin and water, each 5 drops, add granulated ferrous sulphate 16 Gm. and sugar 4 Gm., previously triturated to uniform powder, rub mass ...
- Ferrum. Iron. Part 6
- 1. Ferri Ramenta. Iron Filings, official 1830-1860. - Such as are wholly attracted by the magnet. Owing to the magnet not being a perfect purifier, as it attracts and takes up other substances, and ow...
- Ferrum. Iron. Part 7
- 12. Ferri et Potassii Tartras. Iron and Potassium Tartrate, official 1830-1910. - Obtained by preparing ferric hydroxide as in ferri et ammonii tartras; heat potassium bitartrate 38 Gm. with distilled...
- Ferrum. Iron. Part 8
- Condensed Table giving some Basal Iron Preparations and Products therefrom;' each single one, or set included within bracket, to right of its equation mark being manufactured from that individual prod...
- Manganum. Manganese
- Mnii+iv = 54.9 The element manganese (L. corrupt, of magnes, from resemblance to the magnet, or from magnesia transposed, as both were confounded until 1740) is not of great importance in medicine;...
- Chromium. Crii+VI = 52
- The element chromium (Gr. color, + ium - i. e., salts are colored) is not or much service in medicine, as it enters into only one official compound. Natively it occurs mostly as chrome iron ore...
- Uranium
- Uii+iv = 238.5. The element uranium (fr. Gr. the sky - i. e., in allusion to the planet Uranus) was discovered in 1789 in a mineral long known and called pitch-blend (uraninite), but which w...
- Uranium. Continued
- Manufacture: Add hydrochloric acid 84 Gm. to granulated zinc 24 Gm. and distilled water 25 Ml. (Cc), let stand until reaction ceases and acid saturated; pour off liquid, add nitric acid 1.2 Gm., heat ...
- Zincum - Zinc
- Zinci Carbonas Prsecipitatus. Precipitated Zinc Carbonate, 2Zn-CO33Zn(OH)2(?). - (Syn., Zinc. Carl). Praec., Zincum Carbonicum, Carbonas Zincicus; Br. Zinci Carbonas; Fr. Hydrocarbonas Zincicus, Zincu...
- Cadmium
- Cdii = 111.5. The element cadmium (Gr. calamine, ZnCO3 - the two carbonates resemble and often occur together), official 1800-1880, is found sparingly in nature, associated with zinc ores, e...
- Plumbum. Lead
- Pbii = 207.10. (Syn., Fr. Plomb; Ger. Blei.) The element lead (AS. lead, heavy weight, plummet, L. plumbum), official 1820-1830, is obtained mostly from native sulphide (galena), PbS, by roastin...
- Plumbum. Lead. Continued
- Preps.: 1. Unguentum Diachylon. Diachylon Ointment. (Syn., Ung. Diachyl., Unguentum Plumbi Hebrae, Hebra's Lead Ointment; Fr. Onguent (Pommade de) Diachylon; Ger. Bleipflaster-salbe, Diachylonsalbe.) ...
- Cuprum. Copper
- Cuii = 63.5. The element copper (Gr. Cyprus, Mediterranean island, whence the Romans got their best copper; L. cuper, cuprum, contr. of Cyprium), official 1870-1880, enters into alloys - bra...
- Bismuthum. Bismuth
- Biiii = 208 The element bismuth (Ger. wismut, fr. wiesematte, a beautiful shadow, from its variegated tints when fresh), official 1830-1880, is found mostly in metallic state as small veins in rock...
- Bismuthum. Bismuth. Continued
- Arsenic, copper, lead, silver, alkali earths, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, free salicylic acid. Should be kept dark. Dose, gr. 5-15 (.3-1 Gm.). Properties and Uses. - Internal antiseptic, astringent; ...
- Argentum. Silver
- Agi = 107.8. The element silver (AS. seolfer; L. argentum: Gr, white - i. e., its bright, shining color), official 1830-1880, occurs natively as metal and sulphide; the latter, being alon...
- Hydrargyrum. Mercury
- Hgii = 200.6. (Syn., Hydrarg., Quicksilver, Hydrargyrum Vivum, Mercurius Vivus, Argentum Vivum; Fr. Mercure, Vif Argent; Ger. Quecksilber.) The element mercury (after the messenger of the gods, ...
- Hydrargyrum. Mercury. Part 2
- Properties and Uses. - Mercury - stimulant, alterative, tonic, antiphlogistic, sorbefacient, not directly a cholagogue, causes salivation; the liver retains it longest. Used in meningitis, bronchitis,...
- Hydrargyrum. Mercury. Part 3
- Fig. 464. - Corrosive mercuric chloride crystal. in securely stoppered glass containers bearing a red label with the word POISON, and a statement indicating that the tablets contain the requi...
- Hydrargyrum. Mercury. Part 4
- Preps.: 1. Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flam. Ointment of Yellow Mercuric Oxide. (Syn., Ung. Hydrarg. Oxid. Flaw; Fr. Pommade d'Oxyde jaune de Mercure; Ger. Gelbe Queck-silberoxydsalbe.) Manufacture: 10...
- Hydrargyrum. Mercury. Part 5
- Preparations. - 1. Pilulae Cathartiae Compositae, 1 gr. (.06 Gm.). Dose, 1-3 pills. Unoff. Preps.: Pulvis Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis et Jalapae, mild mercurous chloride 34 p. c, + jalap 66. Unguentu...
- Arsenum (Arsenicum). Arsenic
- Asiii-v = 74.9. The element arsenic (L. arsenicum, fr. Gr. orpiment; lit. masculine, strong - i. e., powerful poison), official 1850-1880, is distributed widely, but generally in small qu...
- Antimonium. Antimony (Stibium). Sbiii-V = 120.2
- The element antimony (Gr. against, + moine. monk - monk'sbane, poisons monks; or Gr. against, + alone - never found alone; or Gr. instead of, + L. minium, red lead - women ...
- Stannum Tin
- Snii-iv =119. The element tin (AS. tin, stean, stan, a stone; L. stannum, found at Cornwall as oxide, tin-stone), official 1830-1860, occurs chiefly as native stannic oxide (tin-stone), SnO2. The m...
- Aurum. Gold
- Aui-iii = 197.2. The element gold (AS. geolu, aiolo, yellow; Gr. L. aurum, yellowish - i. e., color of the metal), official 1830-1840, usually occurs in the metallic state with other metals,...
- Platinum
- Ptii-iv = 195.2. The element platinum (Sp. platina, dim. of plata, plate, silver - the two metals resemble in appearance), like gold, occurs mostly in the free state and in combination with iridium...
- Part IV. Organic Carbon Compounds
- While the number of official preparations made from organic substances is small at present compared with the many that have gained medical favor, and while those accepted by the U. S. Pharmacopoem are...
- I. Fatty Series
- I. Hydrocarbons. These compounds contain the elements carbon and hydrogen in various proportions, are mostly of vegetable origin, many being obtained by destructive distillation and decomposition o...
- I. Fatty Series. Part 2
- 2. Rhigolene Rhigolene. Obtained from petroleum by redistillation until a liquid is secured boiling at 18 C. (64.4 F.). It evaporates more rapidly than all known liquids (except cymogene,...
- I. Fatty Series. Part 2. Part 2
- Preparations. - 1. Alcohol Dilutum. Diluted Alcohol. (Syn., Alcohol Dil., Proof Spirit; Fr. Alcool dilue; Ger. Spiritus dilutus (Vini Rectificatus), Verdiinnter Weingeist.) A liquid containing 41-42 p...
- I. Fatty Series. Part 2. Part 3
- Poisoning: Have confused mind, giddiness, muscular relaxation, hallucinations, stupor, coma, rapid, weak pulse, cool, moist skin, dilated pupils, noisy breathing, livid lips; usually can arouse for a ...
- I. Fatty Series. Part 2. Part 4
- Properties and Uses. - Like amyl nitrite (or any nitrite), except that its action is not quite so prompt, but is more persistent. Angina pectoris, asthma, convulsions, tetanus, collapse, illuminating-...
- I. Fatty Series. Part 2. Part 5
- Properties and Uses. - Antiseptic; it is absorbed rapidly, a value due to its partial change into and liberation as formaldehyde in the urine. The urine usually is rendered acid, but should it remain ...
- I. Fatty Series. Part 2. Part 6
- Poisoning: Resembles opium somewhat; have deep coma, weak, irregular, slow pulse, pupils dilated when awake, slow respiration, lividity, reflexes abolished, skin cold, temperature below normal. Give e...
- I. Fatty Series. Part 2. Part 7
- 2. Linimentum Chloroformi. Chloroform Liniment. (Syn., Lin. Chlorof.; Fr. Liniment au Chloroforme; Ger. Chloroformliniment.) Manufacture: 30 p. c. Mix by agitation chloroform 30 Ml. (Cc.) and soap ...
- I. Fatty Series. Part 3
- 1. Chloretone, C4h7oc13 Chloretone, Choc. Obtained by the interaction of chloroform, acetone, and an alkali, and occurs in white crystals, soluble in alcohol, largely in warm water, sparingly in co...
- I. Fatty Series. Part 3. Part 2
- Properties. - Internally - increases appetite, narcotic, eliminated by secretions, chiefly in urine, as iodine, iodides, and iodates. Externally - antiseptic, disinfectant, analgesic, local stimulant,...
- I. Fatty Series. Part 3. Part 3
- Properties and Uses. - Anaesthetic, soporific, anthelmintic, rheumatism, gout, nausea, diarrhoea, mostly as a solvent for resins, fats, oleoresins, camphor, gun-cotton, preparing chloroform - yielding...
- I. Fatty Series. Part 3. Part 4
- Preparations. - 1. Acidum Aceticum Dilutum. Diluted Acetic Acid. (Syn., Acid. Acet. Dil.; Fr. Acide acetique dilue; Ger. Acetum Purum (Distillatum), Verdunnte Essigsaure.) Manufacture: Mix acetic a...
- I. Fatty Series. Part 3. Part 5
- Preparations. - 1. Oleatum Hydrargyri, 75 p. c. Unoff. Preps.: Oleates of Aconitine (50), Atropine (50), Cocaine (50), Quinine (75), Veratrine (50), etc. Properties and Uses. - Important, since ...
- I. Fatty Series. Part 3. Part 6
- Manufacture: Dissolve purified oxalic acid 6.45 Gm., in distilled water q. s. 1,000 Ml. (Cc). Properties and Uses. - Poisonous, reducing agent, decolorizes permanganate solutions, precipitates gold...
- I. Fatty Series. Part 3. Part 7
- V. Ethers. These are formed from alcohols by replacing the hydrogen of hydroxyl by the same or other alcohol radicals, thus: Ethyl Alcohol Ethyl Ether Ethyl-methyl Ether Eth...
- I. Fatty Series. Part 4
- 1. Aether Aceticvs, Acetic Ether, C2h5c2h3o2, Official 1880-1910 Aether Aceticvs, Acetic Ether, Chcho, Official -. This liquid, composed of 96 p. c, by volume, of ethyl acetate, C2H5C2 H3O2, and 4 ...
- II. Aromatic Series
- As previously stated, all organic compounds are either derivatives of methane, CH4 (fatty series), or of benzene, C6H6 (aromatic series), and while these two parental compounds are strictly hydrocarbo...
- II. Aromatic Series. Part 2
- Preparations. - 1. Phenol Liquefactum. Liquefied Phenol. (Syn., Phenol Liq., Liquefied Carbolic Acid, Acidum Carbolicum Lique-factum; Ger. Verflussigte Karbolsaure.) Manufacture: Liquefy phenol, a ...
- II. Aromatic Series. Part 3
- Preparations. - 1. Aqua Creosoti. Creosote Water. (Syn., Aq. Creosot.; Fr. Eau creosotee; Ger. Kreosotwasser.) Manufacture: Agitate vigorously creosote 1 Ml. (Cc.) with recently boiled distilled wa...
- II. Aromatic Series. Part 4
- Guaiacol. Guaiacol. - (Syn., Guaiacolum, Ortho-di-oxybenzene-methyl-ester, Methyl-orthodioxybenzene, Methyl-pyrocatechin, Pyro-catechin (Catechol)-monomethylether; Fr. Gaiacol; Ger. Guajakol.) ...
- II. Aromatic Series. Part 5
- Preparations. - (Unoff.): Pasta Resorcinolis Fortis: 20 Gm., zinc oxide 20, starch 20, light liquid petrolatum 40. Unguentum Resorcinolis Composition, 6 Gm., zinc oxide, bismuth subnitrate, rectified ...
- II. Aromatic Series. Part 6
- Properties. - Antiseptic, antipyretic, antirheumatic. Uses. - Rheumatism, neuralgia, lancinating pains, diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera, ulcers, ozaena, diphtheria, gonorrhoea, otorrhoea, vesical cat...
- II. Aromatic Series. Part 7
- Preparations. - (Unoff.): Pasta Betanaphtholis, 10 Gm., + precipitated sulphur 50, petrolatum 20, soft soap 20. Petroxolinum Betanaphtholis, 10 Gm., + liquid petroxolin 90. Properties and Uses. - A...
- II. Aromatic Series. Part 8
- Uses. - Phthisis, typhoid fever, hyperpyrexia, sthenic fevers, gas-tralgia, locomotor ataxia, rheumatism, sciatica, lumbago, neuralgia, gangrene, cancer, headache, insomnia, epilepsy, whooping-cough. ...
- II. Aromatic Series. Continued
- 2. Incinerate 1 Gm Incinerate Gm. ash .5 p. c. Impurities: Glucose, milk-sugar, ammonium compounds, salicylic acid, carbonizable substances. Dose, gr. 1-1 (.06-.26 Gm.). Properties and Uses. - ...
- Part V. Non-Pharmacopoelal Organic Carbon Compounds
- (Synthetic Remedies.) It should be borne in mind, as incidentally referred to on page 811, that the possibilities which the constructive processes of organic chemistry open to us are almost beyond ...
- I. Fatty Series (Paraffin Or Methane)
- (Open-chain Compounds.) I. Hydrocarbons. Pental. Pentalum. - Tri-methyl-ethylene, Iso-amylene. Manufacture: This is from the fifth member of the series, amylene. The amyl hydride (hydroxide)...
- I. Fatty Series (Paraffin Or Methane). Part 2
- (1) C2H5OH+H2SO4 = C2H6HSO4+H2O. (2) C2H5HSO4+KBr = C2H6Br+KHSO4. It is a colorless, lig...
- I. Fatty Series (Paraffin Or Methane). Part 3
- Tannalbin. Albuminis Tannas (tannic acid + albumin) and Tan-nopin, Tannori (tannic acid + hexamethylenamine), being only soluble in the duodenum (decomposed by alkalies), are valuable astringents in i...
- I. Fatty Series (Paraffin Or Methane). Part 4
- The three last compounds or sulphones depend upon the ethyl groups for hypnotic effects, the greater their number the more powerful the action. IV. Acids. Acetic Acid. - Acidum Aceticum, C2H4O2....
- II. Aromatic (Benzene) Series, C6h6. (Closed-Chain Compounds.)
- 6. Terpenes. Terebene. Terebenum, C10H16. - (Official) See page 73. Terpin Hydrate. Terpini Hydras, C10H163H2O. - (Official.) See page 72. 7. Phenol Derivatives. Phenol. Acidum Carbolicum, C6H5O...
- II. Aromatic (Benzene) Series, C6h6. (Closed-Chain Compounds.). Part 2
- Properties and Uses. - Antiseptic in surgery, gynecology. It is 5 times stronger, but only one-eighth as poisonous as phenol, and one-half as poisonous as creolin. Useful in skin diseases, lupus, diph...
- II. Aromatic (Benzene) Series, C6h6. (Closed-Chain Compounds.). Part 3
- Properties and Uses. - For the same purposes as creosote, but is less valuable, it is also less irritating to the intestinal canal and kidneys; phthisis, external tubercle, lupus, cough, expectoration...
- II. Aromatic (Benzene) Series, C6h6. (Closed-Chain Compounds.). Part 4
- Para-nitro-anisol. (4) Amsidin. (5) This approximates closely to phenacetin; occurs in colorless, odorless scales, soluble in alcohol, acetone, glycerin, fatty oils, slightly in wa...
- II. Aromatic (Benzene) Series, C6h6. (Closed-Chain Compounds.). Part 5
- Properties and Uses. - Antipyretic, antineuralgic, antirheumatic, diaphoretic; hectic fever, chronic and acute rheumatism, neuralgia, hypnotic. Gallanilide. Gallanol. - Gallinol. C6H5NH,CO,C6H2(...
- II. Aromatic (Benzene) Series, C6h6. (Closed-Chain Compounds.). Part 6
- Incompatibles: Alkalies, alkali carbonates and bicarbonates, heat, moisture, etc. Properties and Uses. - Similar to but better than salicylic acid, as it is almost free from the undesired local and...
- II. Aromatic (Benzene) Series, C6h6. (Closed-Chain Compounds.). Part 7
- Properties and Uses. - Substitution for orthoform, which has proven unsatisfactory. Local anaesthetic, analgesic, resembling cocaine, but owing to insolubility does not penetrate tissues, antiseptic, ...
- VII. Organic Bases
- Piperazine. Piperazina. - Diethylene-diamine, Ethylene-imine, Ar-thriticine. Manufacture: By the action of ammonia upon ethylene bromide of chloride, giving a mixture of salts of different base...
- VII. Organic Bases. Continued
- 1. Eucaine Hydrochloride (A) Eucainae Hydrochloridum (A) Eucaine Hydrochloride (A) Eucainae Hydrochloridum (A). Alpha-eucainum (eucaine), Hydrochloride of benzoyl-n-methyltetra-methyl-y-oxy-piperid...
- VII. Organic Bases. Continued. Continued
- Properties and Uses. - Local anaesthetic similar to cocaine, but dilates bloodvessels, whereas cocaine contracts them; heart tonic, but only one-half as toxic as cocaine. Dose, gr. 1/30 (.002 Gm.), in...
- Part VI. The Microscope And Its Use In Materia Medica
- Although it is impossible for all druggists to become experienced with the microscope, yet every one, by a little patience, study, and tact in its use, may learn sufficient to have it serve him often ...
- I. Description of the Microscope
- Of these there are two kinds - simple and compound. The Simple Microscope is only a hand magnifying-glass or linen-tester, and consists of a double convex lens (or several mounted in juxtaposiFig. 469...
- I. Description of the Microscope. Part 2
- 2. The Objective (F) The Objective (F). This, in the line of vision, is removed farthest from the eye and is the most essential portion of the instrument; to its many improvements (also further sus...
- I. Description of the Microscope. Part 3
- 3. The Body (D) The Body (D). This consists of the two long telescoping tubes: the outer - the sleeve; the inner - the draw-tube. To the upper end of the body (draw-tube) is attached the ocular, to...
- II. Requisites Of A Good Microscope
- Almost any make of high-grade instrument will give satisfaction that has the following qualities: 1. It should possess firmness and solidity through its base, pillar, arm, etc. Fig. 482. ...
- III. Directions For Using The Microscope
- 1. For working, select a northern window; this insures the greatest amount of reflected light possible from white clouds. Never use direct sunlight, and if possible avoid artificial light. If southern...
- IV. Microscope Accessory Apparatus And Reagents
- 1. A pair of fine-pointed forceps for handling cover- and watch-glasses, small objects, etc. Fig. 485. Dissecting-forceps. 2. A pair of fine scissors, sharp-pointed and bent, for dividing...
- V. Some Advanced Microscopic Methods And Appliances
- 1. Estimation Of Magnifying Power Estimation Of Magnifying Power. While the table given on page 899 is of interest and service, yet, owing to slight variations therefrom in almost every microscope,...
- V. Some Advanced Microscopic Methods And Appliances. Continued
- 3. Softening Softening. All dry and hard substances should be softened before sections can be made properly. In the case of roots, rhizomes, tubers, corms, fruits, seeds, etc., they are soaked firs...
- VI. The Microscope In The Drug-Store
- While it is true that many official drugs come to us with adulterations and sophistications, yet in order to identify such with the microscope one should be perfectly familiar with the appearance of t...
- I. Roots
- 1. Senega From False Senega Senega From False Senega. Soak suspected root in water until soft (10 hours), make thin cross-sections: true senega root has irregular, porous, yellowish wood; false sen...
- II. Rhizomes
- 1. Veratrum Viride From Cypripedium Veratrum Viride From Cypripedium. Veratrum viride has one-seventh diameter in cortex consisting of parenchyma having starch, sometimes calcium oxalate, few wood-...
- III. Woods
- 1. Guaiacum From Santalum Album Guaiacum From Santalum Album. Guaiacum consists mostly of wavy interwoven wood-fibres, numerous 1-rowed medullary rays, large single ducts and narrow lines of wood, ...
- IV. Barks
- 1. Cinchona Calisaya From Cinchona Succirubra Cinchona Calisaya From Cinchona Succirubra. Cinchona Calisaya has very few, if any, stone- (resin-) cells, old bark with prominent secondary cork, medu...
- V. Fruits
- 1. Anise From Conium Anise From Conium. Anise has flat face, 5 light brown filiform ridges, also 15 or more thin oil-tubes; conium has 5 crenate ribs but no oil-tubes. See pages 428, 432. 2. Fen...
- Appendix. Poisons - Treatment And Antidotes
- Poisoning may be of two kinds: 1. Chronic, where small doses are repeated at more or less short intervals, thereby slowly establishing characteristic symptoms (arsenic, bromides, iodides, lead, etc.)....
- Rationale Of Treatment
- Excessive quantities of poisons frequently from the first cause free vomiting and purging per se, thereby largely correcting their evil effects, but when neither of these occurs, vomiting should at on...
- Usual Agents Employed In Poison Cases
- 1. Jeaunel's General Antidote Jeaunel's General Antidote. Either of the following formulas may be employed when the nature of the poison is doubtful, or for arsenic, digitalis, mercuric salts, opiu...
- Usual Agents Employed In Poison Cases. Continued
- 6. Vinegar, Diluted Mineral Acids Vinegar, Diluted Mineral Acids. To neutralize alkalies and alkaline salts; Magnesium Oxide, Sodium Bicarbonate, Calcium Carbonate, Sodium and Magnesium Sulphates -...
- Usual Agents Employed In Poison Cases. Continued. Part 2
- Aniline (Dyes, Ink): Vomit with copper sulphate, or wash out well the stomach with warm water, place in recumbent position, loosen clothing, abundant fresh air, oxygen, ether injections, ammonia, whis...
- Usual Agents Employed In Poison Cases. Continued. Part 3
- Chlorates, Nitrates (Potassium, Sodium, etc.): Vomit, plenty of water and demulcent drinks for dilution, amyl nitrite, opium for pain, hot fomentations to loins; avoid stimulants (increase kidney cong...
- Usual Agents Employed In Poison Cases. Continued. Part 4
- Lead and Barium Salts: Give magnesium or sodium sulphate (ss; 15 Gm.) in a glass of water to form insoluble sulphate, then vomit, follow with purgative enema, demulcent drinks, milk, egg-white,...
- Prescription-Writing Of The Physician
- Prescriptions (L. praescriptio, a writing before, an order; fr. prae-scrib(o)-ere, to write before, to ordain) are ex tempore formulae written in Latin, usually at the bedside, to combat specific cond...
- Prescription-Writing Of The Physician. Part 2
- 4. Prescription Prescription. This consists of four parts: 1. Superscription (date, name and address of patient; also regular sign, , fr. L. recipio, re-cipere, to take; recipe, take thou); ...
- Prescription-Writing Of The Physician. Part 3
- 5. Abbreviations Abbreviations. Only such as are in common use, along with accustomed signs should be employed, as: , 3, , e, M, O, S, aa, ad, gr., gtt., ft., lb., et, ss, q. s., sig....
- Table of Comparison between Metric, Avoirdupois, and Apothecaries Weights
- Names. Numerical Expressions. Equivalents in Grains. Equivalents in Avoirdupois Weight. Equivalents in Apothecaries' Weight....
- Measures of Approximation
- While these equivalents are not precisely accurate, their values have so long been recognized by laymen on the one hand, and physicians on the other, that they will possibly always be thus accepted: ...
- Table Giving the Maximum Quantities that should be Prescribed unless Special Directions Accompany the Prescription
- Single doses. Total amount in any one day. Acid Arsenous.............. gr. 1/6 .01 Gm. gr. 1/2 ...
- Doses of Rare and Unofficial Drugs, some not Treated of in this Work
- Abrastol, gr. 15-20....................1-2 Gm. Acetal, 3j-2....................4-8 Ml. (Cc). Acet-ortho-toluide, gr. 2-5.........13-.3 Gm. Aeet-para-toluide, gr. 15-30.........1-2 Gm. Acec...
- Table showing the Number of Drops in a Fluidrachm of Various Liquids, with the Weight of one Fluidrachm of each in Grains and in Grammes
- Drops in f3j. (60 m.) Weight of f3j in grains. grammes. Acetum opii........................ 90 61 ...
- Table of Thermometric Equivalents. (Fahrenheit and Centigrade Scales.)
- F. c. 212 = 100 210 = 99 208 = 98 ...
- Popular Medical Abbreviations
- aa............Ana...........Of each. Abs. febr.........Absente febre.......Fever being absent. Ad...........Adde..........Add up to. Ad 2 vie.........Ad duas vices......At two doses. Ad se...
- Popular Medical Abbreviations. Continued
- Ft. collyr........Fiat collyrium......Make an eye wash. Ft. confec........Fiat confectio......Make a confection. Ft. elect......... Fiat electuarium . . . . . Make an electuary. Ft. emp. 3x6....
- Some Leading Official Organic Drugs whose Medicinal Properties Depend upon One or More Specific Constituents
- 1. Sugar. Fig, Honey, Manna, Prune, Triticum. 2. Sugar 4- Acid. Cassia Fistula, Lemon Juice, Phytolacca Fruit, Raspberry, Tamarind, Rhus Glabra. 3. Mucilage. Althaea, Cetraria, Chondrus, E...
- The Pronunciation of Some Important Words Used in this Work
- Ab-i-et'ic. Ab'i-e-tin. Ab'rin. Ac-et-an'i-li i(e) - (As).' Ach-il-le'ine. Ad-on'id-in. Ad-ren'a-lin. A'gar-a'gar. A-gar'i-cin. Ag'a-thin. A-lan'tol. Al-cor-no'que (ka...
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